孔雀河流域绿洲生态支持系统调控模式研究

生态环境用水量的减少是孔雀河流域近 50年来现代绿洲环境退化的主要原因 ,维持生态与社会经济的合理用水比例是绿洲系统持续发展的前提。以此为基础 ,本文采用水资源承载力的方法探讨了绿洲生态支持子系统和社会经济子系统优化调控模式 ,最后就配置方案及发展模式的可行性进行了分析     

西北贫困地区生态移民的经济效益实证分析——以宁夏南部山区生态移民为例

以宁夏中南部地区的搬迁农民为研究对象,构建生态移民经济效益评价指标体系并以研究区域为例进行实证分析,结果表明生态移民项目整体经济效益是显著的。在此基础上提出对策建议:调整农业产业结构,实现农业的产业化经营,重视人力资本投资以及建立移民社会保障制度。     

地方农业院校本科人才培养方案的优化

以吉林农业大学为例,结合构建人才培养方案的指导思想、基本原则与主要特点,对地方农业院校应用型人才培养进行了分析探索。     

Construction of mouse ESC line stably expressing Pdx1 by Tet-On system

AIM To construct the mouse embryonic stem cell （ESC） line with stable pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 （Pdx1） expression by Tet-On system, which may lay a foundation for further research on the differentiation of Pdx1⁺ definitive endoderm cells into pancreatic cells. METHODS The Pdx1-overexpressing lentiviral vector with green fluorescent protein marker and puromycin resistance was constructed by Tet-On system and was used to infect the mouse ESC. The cells were divided into 3 groups： blank control group （ESC group）, empty lentivirus control group （PDX1^- ESC group） and Pdx1 lentivirus transfection group （PDX1⁺ ESC group）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the transfected cells after screening by doxycycline （DOX）. The function of Tet-On system and the expression of Pdx1 gene were detected. The transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group were sorted by flow cytometry, and constructed ESC line with stable expression of Pdx1 and negative control ESC line were verified. RESULTS （1） The positive rates of transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group were 90.72% and 94.01% after screening by DOX, respectively. The positive rates of transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group was 97.84% and 98.13% after sorting by flow cytometry, respectively. （2） With DOX, green fluorescence was observed in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group. The mRNA and protein expression of Pdx1 was significantly increased in PDX1⁺ ESC group （P<0.05）. Without DOX, no green fluorescence was observed in the cells of the 3 groups, and no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of Pdx1 was observed （P>0.05）. （3） After 3 months of cryopreservation, the cell lines still survived in resuscitation culture and were regulated by DOX. CONCLUSION Using Tet-On system, the mouse ESC line with inducible Pdx1 expression were successfully established and could be used as an effective cell model to research the differentiation of Pdx1⁺ definitive endoderm cells into pancreatic cells.     

一种新型二维条码电子耳标在商品猪数字化养殖中的应用

详细阐述了自动识别技术的各种形式。结合当前商品猪养殖的具体情况,本着经济、耐用、实用和对畜产品个体妨碍最小的原则,采用当前比较常用的Grid Matrix码,制作了一种新型二维条码的电子耳标作为畜产品的标签身份号码,为商品猪数字化养殖可溯源管理系统的实现奠定了基础。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联技术构建产肠毒素大肠杆菌LT敲除菌株

本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联的技术对产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC）K88的热不稳定性肠毒素（heat-labile toxin,LT）基因进行无痕敲除并获得K88 LT^-缺陷菌株。通过序列比对获取LT两端同源序列,并构建包含LT边界、氯霉素筛选标记、sgRNA和LT同源臂的供体片段;将供体片段转化至ETEC K88,同时分别利用λ-Red同源重组系统和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,对LT基因进行敲除;通过PCR验证获得了K88 LT^-缺陷菌株,并通过试验测定了敲除菌株的溶血能力和生长曲线。结果显示,λ-Red同源重组系统可成功地将LT基因替换为相应的供体片段,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可高效地对筛选标记进行删除,最终通过λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9结合的基因编辑系统可成功对ETEC K88的LT基因进行无痕敲除。体外试验结果表明,K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的溶血能力丧失,并且生长速度比野生型菌株减缓,LT可能和ETEC K88的致病能力和生长性能有关。表明λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9级联的基因敲除方法可用于LT毒素基因及其他一些大肠杆菌基因的敲除。K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的构建为下一步研究LT毒素的致病机制奠定基础。     

切断深层根对黍子根系及地上部营养生长的影响

采用根管土柱栽培的方法,研究了拔节期和抽穗期切断不同深度(20 cm和40 cm)根系对黍子根系整体及地上部营养生长的影响。结果表明,与不断根相比,在抽穗期和拔节期断掉20 cm或40 cm以下根系,均能导致黍子株高、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶SOD与POD活性、单株绿叶面积、总根活力、总根长、总根重及产量明显降低,旗叶M DA含量明显增高。抽穗期断深层根对黍子的影响大于拔节期。但同一生育时期不同深度断根处理间黍子产量差异未达显著水平,表明深层根系(40 cm以下根系)对产量的贡献更大。     

Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

土壤质地定名法及吸湿水与土壤粒级含量关系的研究

利用卡庆斯基制、美国制、中国制3种土粒分级标准对张家口葡萄产区的30个采样点进行土壤质地命名,并通过对比分析得出中国制是该区最适的土壤质地分类方法。现对吸湿水含量与土壤各粒级微粒百分含量的关系做了探测性研究,得出吸湿水和土壤中小于0.01 mm的粒径含量之间拟合曲线方程为:Y=20.272e0.207x,可根据此方程应用卡庆斯基制确定土壤质地;吸湿水和土壤中1~0.05 mm0、.05~0.002 mm粒径含量的拟合曲线方程分别为:y=22.018x2-105.323x+156.381,y=-18.304x2+86.495x-49.536,又可根据这2个方程利用美国制确定土壤质地名称。这些为用简易方法鉴定土壤质地类型提供科学依据。     

莫索湾垦区不同土质棉田的土壤水分及群体生理

通过对重壤土和沙壤土两个不同类型的棉田生长状况、植物生理状况和土壤水分状况及土壤温度的研究。结果表明,沙壤土的不保水性和高温使土壤很快变干,造成棉株蒸腾速率下降,气孔阻抗增加,气叶温差变小,形成热害,致使吐絮期提前,影响到了生长状况和经济产量。根据土壤质地造成的灌溉效果的差异,提出在重壤土地采用“大灌量、长周期”,沙壤土地采用“小灌量、短周期”因地配水的灌溉制度,是北疆棉区获得高产应当推行的水分管理技术措施。