盐胁迫对两种绿化树种生长的影响

为探讨盐胁迫下绿化树种的生长规律和育苗技术,研究了不同浓度盐胁迫对绿化树种水蜡和金叶女贞生长的影响。结果表明:随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,两树种地径、苗高、新梢粗、新梢长和叶面积增加量逐渐减小,金叶女贞的耐盐性略强于水蜡,金叶女贞和水蜡相对适应生长的盐浓度均低于0.3%。     

植保无人飞机不同施药模式对Y形梨树雾滴沉积分布研究

为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人飞机采用“行间飞”和“Y间飞”2种飞行施药模式对Y形梨园进行喷雾作业后雾滴在Y形梨树冠层中的沉积分布规律,以30 g/L的诱惑红85水溶液为喷雾剂,铜版纸为雾滴收集卡,设计了4种不同作业速度梯度对Y形梨树喷雾效果试验,研究对比了不同飞行速度条件下2种飞行施药模式的雾滴沉积分布情况。试验结果表明：采用“行间飞”飞行施药模式喷雾时,雾滴在Y形梨树主枝外部的沉积密度高于在内部的沉积密度雾滴,且飞行速度为2 m/s和3 m/s时的沉积密度比飞行速度为4 m/s和5 m/s的沉积密度显著偏高。“Y间飞”飞行施药模式下雾滴在Y形梨树冠层不同位置的雾滴沉积分布更均匀。在风速小于1.3 m/s的微风条件下,当使用油动单旋翼植保无人飞机以距离Y形梨树冠层顶部2 m的高度喷雾作业时,应当采用“Y间飞”飞行施药模式,同时飞行速度以2?3 m/s为宜,此时雾滴的沉积密度在冠层内部和外部均大于15个/cm2。研究结果可以为使用植保无人飞机防控梨园病虫害提供喷雾技术依据。     

北方蚕业科研协作区第六批桑品种鉴定(陕西点)试验报告

2015—2016年对北方蚕业科研协作区4家单位的9个桑树新品种进行了共同鉴定。本批参鉴品种中,生长势旺、产叶量高、叶质好的品种有鲁插2号、鄂桑2号、陕桑9312、陕桑8826,其中鲁插2号叶片大而厚、发条力强,鄂桑2号节间密、片叶率高。     

桑茶间作经济效益的调查

利用桑茶空间互补、立体共生等特点,进行桑茶,可提高土地利用率,降低生产成本,即改善生态环境,又增加农民收益。     

The economic benefits and costs of trees in urban forest stewardship: A systematic review

Understanding the benefits provided by urban trees is important to justify investment and improve stewardship. Many studies have attempted to quantify the benefits of trees in monetary terms, though fewer have quantified the associated costs of planting and maintaining them. This systematic review examines the methods used to jointly analyse the costs and benefits of trees in the urban landscape, assesses the relative balance of benefits and costs, and attempts to understand the wide variation in economic values assigned in different studies. The benefits most frequently studied are those related to environmental regulation and property values, and the available data show that these usually outweigh the costs. Aesthetic, amenity, and shading benefits have also been shown to provide significant economic benefits, while benefits in terms of water regulation, carbon reduction and air quality are usually more modest. Variation in benefits and costs among studies is attributed largely to differences in the species composition and age structure of urban tree populations, though methodological differences also play a role. Comparison between studies is made difficult owing to differences in spatiotemporal scope, and in the way urban forest composition and demographic structure were reported. The overwhelming majority of studies concern deciduous trees in Northern America, and much less is known about urban forests in other regions, especially in the tropics. Future work should thus seek to fill these knowledge gaps, and standardise research protocols across cities. In light of ambitious goals in many cities to increase tree cover, ongoing advances in valuation methods need to provide a more comprehensive accounting of benefits and costs, and to better integrate economic assessment into the decision-making process.     

火炬松木材基本密度的株内变异

利用６株２７年生火炬松伐倒木解析材料,分析木材基本密度的株内变异规律。结果表明,各年龄基本密度及相应的自髓心的断面基本密度的径向变异表现为,在各断面高度随距髓心年轮数的增加而增大,到一定年轮数后增加趋缓;纵向变异则为自干基向上迅速下降,３￣５ｍ高度以上保持相对稳定。相关分析表明各部位及相应的断面木材基本密度值ＢＤ与距髓心的年轮数Ｒ和其高度Ｈ位置有关,可用ＢＤ＝ａ＋ｂ／Ｒ＋ｃ／Ｈ来拟合两者的株内变化     

板栗低干矮冠多主枝开心形树体结构评价

为探讨低干矮冠多主枝开心树形对板栗产质性能的影响,以10年生‘金丰’板栗为试材,采用将整树冠层分层的方法,研究了低干矮冠多主枝开心树形的树体结构参数及不同冠层间板栗总苞的分布特征。结果表明:在垂直方向上,结果枝和总苞的分布主要集中在树体的中上部,下部有少量分布,其中结果枝和总苞均在1.0~1.5 m层间最多,而每果枝总苞数量在冠层两端最多。在水平方向上,发育枝、结果枝和总苞数量随冠层外移逐渐增多,集中分布于0.5~2.5 m的冠层范围,分别占总量的87.9%、89.9%和88.2%,其中结果枝和总苞在1.5~2.0 m的层间数量最多,体现了该树形立体结果的效果。该树形在保证坚果品质的同时,产量较自然开心形和自然圆头形提高30%以上。     

An Aqueous Extract of the Dry Mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum Induces Resistance in Several Crops under Controlled and Field Conditions

We have examined the effect of Pen, an aqueous extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum, on plant–pathogen interactions. Pen controlled a broad range of pathogens on several crop plants under greenhouse and field conditions. Pen protected grapevine from downy and powdery mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola and Uncinula necator), tomato from early blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), onion from downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) and apple trees from apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis) to a similar extent as fungicides such as copper and sulphur or well-known inducers such as benzothiadiazole or β-aminobutyric acid. Pen had no major direct fungicidal effect and is thus supposed to protect plants by activating their defense mechanisms. The raw material for extraction of Pen was available in constant quality, a prerequisite for commercial application. Under certain conditions, Pen caused phytotoxic side effects. The symptoms mostly consisted of small necrotic spots or, more rarely, of larger necrotic areas. The development of the symptoms was dependent on several parameters, including concentration of Pen, the number of applications, the persistence on the plant tissue, the plant species and variety and environmental conditions. In grapevine, a partially purified fraction of Pen was much less toxic than the crude Pen extract, but protected the plants to a similar extent against P. viticola. Our data show that Pen has interesting and unique properties as a plant protection agent, but more research is needed to further reduce its phytotoxic side effects.     

福建万木林自然保护区古树名木资源初步研究

对建瓯万木林自然保护区森林群落的古树名木资源调查结果表明 ,胸径≥ 80cm的古树名木有 5 6 9株 ,隶属于 15科2 1属 2 9种。笔者对万木林自然保护区古树名木的种类、种群数量、生态分布、树高和胸径等现状进行分析 ,提出了保护该区古树名木的对策     

油松侧柏混交林效益及种间关系的研究

对陕西省淳化县干旱阳坡立地上，１０年生人工油松侧柏混交林的研究结果表明，侧柏属浅根型树种，根系系集中分布在０～４０ｃｍ深的土层中，而油松根系在０～６０ｃｍ深的土壤中呈均匀分布。混交林的根系在土壤剖面上，垂直分布趋于均匀。行间混交林、株间混交林均能显著提高油松、侧柏的胸径、树高和材积生长量，同时能增强土壤中磷酸酶、蛋白酶和脲酶的活性，改善土壤肥力状况。尽管株间混交林能明显改善林地的土壤水分─物理性质，提高油松、侧柏的枝叶生物产量，但行间混交林在这些方面却表现出强烈的负效应。混交林对油松、侧柏针叶中的氨、磷含量的影响，随混交方式而截然不同。