芥菜型油菜不育系柱头外露性与不育性的关系

芥菜型油菜不同来源的不育系柱头突出营外长度及花粉活力研究表明，所观察的不育系柱头均突出蕾外，但突柱的长短与不育性无显著相关。无论柱头突出长或短，它们均表现雄蕊退化，花粉败育，有生活力花粉数量很少且不萌发。     

Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） rice line developed by population improvement

In this study population improvement or random polycross plus mass selection was adopted with using N8S, Huaizao4, Xiang2B and Zaoyoul as parents. To help comprehensively improve the important characters such as combining ability, grain quality, resistance, stigma exsertion rate, etc. The stigma exsertion rate of ZhunS, an elite TGMS line, is 78.6%, 72.4% higher than that of V20A. Hybrids produced by crossing ZhunS with R402, Minhui77 and Minhui63 increased the yield by 3.8%-5.8% and decreased grain chalkiness by 82.1%-84.4% compared with those from crossing V20A with the corresponding R lines.     

杏品种授粉生物学研究

以红丰、新世纪等11个杏品种及特新一号等4个新品系为试材,对自交与杂交亲和性、花粉管形态及花粉、花柱氨基酸组分进行了研究,旨在为杏生产和进一步研究提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)按照白花授粉坐果率≥6％为自交亲和这个标准,红丰、新世纪等10个品种为自交不亲和品种(SI),而特新一号等4个新品系是自交亲和的(SC);(2)选自同一杂交组合不同姊妹系的红丰与新世纪杏品种相互授粉坐果率仅为0~0.73％,属于杂交不亲和;(3)不同品种间相互授粉的坐果率差异很大,据此筛选出特早红、红玉杏及凯特等品种是红丰杏适宜的授粉品种;而新世纪用骆驼黄及金太阳等品种授粉的坐果率最高;(4)自交不亲和组合在授粉后72 h花粉管到达花柱3／4处,末端膨大,停止生长,而自交亲和组合的花粉管可以继续生长,并在授粉后96 h进入子房;(5)自交不亲和品种(系)与自交亲和品种(系)花粉的17种氨基酸含量并无显著差异,而花柱氨基酸的组分与花粉氨基酸组分有所不同,其中自交不亲和品种(系)酪氨酸、苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸和精氨酸含量明显高于自交亲和品种(系),差异显著或极显著。     

Willingness to pay for shrimp attributes and evidence of stigma following the Gulf Coast oil spill

Mandatory labeling requirements in the United States require shrimp products to be labelled with certain credence attributes: production process and country of origin. To determine the effects of these requirements in the wake of the 2010 Gulf Coast oil spill, we estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for various credence characteristics (geographic origin and production process) and physical attributes using a Becker DeGroot Marschak experimental auction. Although the results are obtained from a small convenience sample, and hence cannot be generalized, we find that participants are willing to pay premiums of $0.90–$1.23 per half-pound for domestic shrimp (regardless of production method) and $0.60–$1.03 per half-pound for wild-caught shrimp. We also find evidence that Gulf Coast shrimp are stigmatized; controlling for other characteristics, participants are willing to pay $1.03–$1.34 less per half-pound for Gulf Coast shrimp. Overall, credence attributes influence WTP more than physical attributes.     

Classification of S-alleles by their activity in S-heterozygotes of brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera (DC.) Schultz)

Summary Over a period of many years, data on dominance relationships of S-alleles in Brussels sprouts were collected at URL and IVT. The level of activity of S-alleles in heterozygotes was assessed on the basis of the number of pollen tubes that penetrated into the stigma. 209 out of 210 possible combinations between 21 S-alleles were used for this investigation. The S-alleles were grouped separately for activity in pollen and style on the basis of their sensitivity to lose activity in S-heterozygotes. Besides S-allele interaction per se, activity was found to be influenced by environment and genetic background.Results suggest that in stigma, co-dominance is the normal pattern and that deviations are caused by factors other than S-allele interaction as such.In pollen, only three truly recessive alleles were found. Besides several combinations with mutual weakening in pollen, examples of independent weakening were found.     

檫木花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

通过野外观察檫木Sassafras tzumu（Hemsl.）Hemsl的开花过程,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性,TTC的方法测定檫木花粉活力。结果表明：柱头具可授性时间为8 d,檫木的花粉活力持续时间为32 h。根据测定时间发现柱头可授期和花粉活力较强期重叠较长,通过后期观察到檫木有结实,说明檫木具有正常的传粉机制和结实能力。     

Success rate of supplemental mass pollination in a seed orchard of Pinus sylvestris L.

Two experiments (Expt 1, Expt 2) with supplemental mass pollination (SMP) were carried out in a seed orchard of Pinus sylvestris L. in order to assess the biological and operational prospects for SMP. The success of the SMP was studied by means of allozyme markers. In Expt 1 the pollen mix was applied very close to each female strobilus. The estimated success rates for treatments varied between 66% and 84%. When supplemental pollination was done at peak receptivity, one single pollination was enough to obtain high success rates. In Expt 2 the pollen mix was dusted over clusters of receptive strobili on whole‐trees. The estimated success rates for treatments varied between 10% and 23%. The success rates improved when the trees were pollinated on more than one occasion per day during the receptive period. The overall conclusion is that SMP is practical for P. sylvestris seed orchards.     

锥栗开花授粉生物学特性

通过田间调查、花粉离体萌发、石蜡切片和人工授粉等试验手段对锥栗的开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、风媒传粉特性和授粉特性等进行研究。结果表明：锥栗雌花群体分化时间约40天,单花分化时间约22天,柱头可授性持续期为7天;雄花序4—5月开花,群体花期23～26天,群体盛花期13～15天,单花序花期10～12天,开花后6天内花粉保持较高活力。风媒传粉是锥栗传粉的主要途径,风速和风向是影响锥栗传粉的主要气象因素,顺风方向上花粉的传播距离及花粉通量显著高于其他3个方向。锥栗在去雄套袋且不进行人工授粉的处理下未坐果,表明锥栗不存在无融合生殖;异交授粉坐果率均显著高于自交,表明异交能显著提高锥栗坐果率,生产上需配置授粉树。     

早籼优质不育系95A的选育及应用

９５Ａ是以汕Ａ为母本，用自选的９５占为父本杂交转育而成的野败型优质杂交稻不育系。９５Ａ农艺性状好，抗性较强，不育性稳定，柱头发达外露率高，异交结实率高，易于繁殖制种。９５Ａ配组杂种优势大，优质性状遗传力强，杂种一代米质优。该不育系于１９９６年７月通过技术鉴定。     

瓢虫幼虫气门超微结构的研究

在扫描电镜下对16种瓢虫幼虫的气门结构作了观察,发现同种幼虫胸部和腹部气门结构相一致,不同种幼虫的气门可分为内闭式和外闭式两种类型;气门上的关闭或过滤机构有3种类型。气门及关闭或过滤结构具有种的特异性,并与类群食性有一定关系,表明具有形态和分类学及进化上的意义。