列当杂草及其防除措施展望

根寄生杂草列当Orobanche spp.每株可产生大量细小的种子,易于传播,且在出苗前已经对寄主作物造成危害,使列当的防除成为一个世界性难题。本文详述了列当的生活史、为害现状以及防除措施,并突出了生物防除的生态效益与经济效益。基于＂诱捕＂作物及＂捕获＂作物诱导列当种子＂自杀发芽＂理论的防除机制,本文提出了新型可持续生态防除思想,为列当科杂草防除提供参考。     

Pest status and control of blister beetles in West Africa

Abstract

During recent years, blister beetles have gained importance in species diversity and as pests of food crops in West Africa. Among the 97 species reported, Psalydolytta fusca Oliv, and P. vestita Duf. are economically important beetle species. Beetle abundance is generally associated with the flowering of crops in a region. Regular intensive weeding and early crop establishment are recommended for pest management in food crops. Global pest control strategies are discussed in the context of subsistence agriculture.     

猪繁殖性状的遗传改良策略

猪繁殖性能的提高将为养猪业带来巨大的经济效益 ,目前多数育种者将提高猪的繁殖力作为主要育种目标 ,并用数学遗传学方法和分子育种技术对繁殖性状进行改良。     

秋水仙素诱导大蒜微核的遗传学实验方法研究

[目的]比较不同浓度的秋水仙素和不同处理时间对诱导大蒜根尖细胞产生微核情况的影响,为实验教学的微核试验提供一个取材方便、实验结果明显、稳定性好的方法。[方法]分别用0.05%、0.10%、0.20%的秋水仙素处理大蒜根尖24和36 h,计算微核率,据此评价大蒜对秋水仙素的敏感度和秋水仙素诱导微核的效果。[结果]0.05%、0.10%、0.20%的秋水仙素处理大蒜根尖24和36 h后,均能产生微核,且浓度越高,处理时间越长,微核率越高,同时产生的双微核与多微核细胞越多。[结论]秋水仙素和大蒜根尖是微核测试试验的理想材料组合。     

不同干燥方法对栗粉的理化性质与功能特性的影响

以毛板红板栗品种为原料，研究了4种不同干燥方法加工所得栗粉的理化与功能特性，结果表明自然干燥与热风干燥加工成的栗粉在理化和功能特性上差异较小，但自然干燥粉比热风干燥粉具有更好的起泡能力和泡沫稳定性；微波干燥粉比热风干燥有较多的淀粉发生糊化，表现在具有较低的峰粘度、崩解值和回复值，其吸水能力较热风干燥粉大，但起泡能力、泡沫稳定性和复水成泥后的一些质地特征值较热风干燥粉低。高温蒸后热风干燥粉的理化与功能特性与微波干燥粉类似，但有较高的崩解值和较低的回复值。从色泽来看，自然干燥和热风干燥粉比微波干燥和高温蒸后热风干燥的要白，而且有光泽。     

氮肥不同施用方式对大白菜产量的影响

[目的]为摸清氮肥不同施用方式对大白菜产量的影响.[方法]在多年、多点试验条件下,研究在不同氮肥施用方式下大白菜的产量水平.[结果]合理的氮肥施用方式能够有效地增加大白菜体内氮磷钾3种营养元素的含量.氮肥用量的增加能够明显提高大白菜产量,但持续过量施用氮肥不但导致大白菜减产,而且造成氮肥资源的严重浪费.[结论]在保持一定基追比的前提下,合理运筹施肥更有利于大白菜的生长.     

Response to long-term selection in early maturing maize synthetic varieties

Long-term continuous selection is essential for germplasm improvement. However, choice of germplasm for long-term genetic improvement might limit the success of germplasm enhancement programs. The objective of this research was to report the response to long-term selection in early maturing North Dakota (ND) synthetic varieties. We wanted to determine whether the performance of three ND maize synthetic varieties was improved by long-term mass selection (M) and if the performance of one of them was improved by long-term modified ear-to-row (MER) selection. The evaluation of long-term selection response was performed at two plant densities. An experiment in a randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement was used to evaluate NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), NDSCD(M), and NDSAB(MER) under 75,000 and 42,500 plants per hectare across seven environments. Long-term mass selection for grain yield and stalk lodging resistance in NDSM(M), NDSAB(M), and NDSCD(M) was not successful, since there were no significant changes in grain yield or stalk lodging in these populations at either low or high densities. On the other hand, long-term modified ear-to-row selection was effective for grain yield improvement in NDSAB(MER). Grain yield increased non-linearly from 3.9 Mg ha⁻¹ in cycle 0 to 5.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in cycle 12 at a rate of 2.5% per cycle. Interaction between plant density and genotype was not detected even though selection was performed at relatively low densities (20,000 plants ha⁻¹ for mass selection and 50,000 plants ha⁻¹ for ear-to-row selection). The confirmation of a lack of interaction between plant density and genotype suggests that selection at low plant densities might still be able to provide high-density stress resistance through density-independent genotypes, allowing progeny testing across multiple locations with better accuracy and fewer resources. Selection methods that emphasize both additive and dominance effects such as full-sib recurrent selection are recommended to maximize genetic improvement of advanced population cycles of early maturing synthetics.     

中国饮茶方式的历史演进

中国饮茶方式历经了由唐以前的生煮羹饮、唐代的煎茶、宋代的点茶到明清瀹饮法的漫漫演进,中国饮茶方式的历史演变也是中华茶文化发展进程的缩影,也是中华茶文化的精华所在。