Diagnosis and Treatment of Anaplastic Mammary Carcinoma in a Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps)

A 9-year-old female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) was evaluated for a tissue mass near the marsupium. Ultrasonography identified a vascular mass originating from the right mammary gland. Fine-needle aspiration was suggestive of a malignant neoplasm. The glider was anesthetized and the tumor was removed, and this was followed by strontium-90 plesiotherapy to the tumor bed in an attempt to decrease local recurrence. Histopathology revealed an anaplastic mammary carcinoma. The glider was euthanized less than 14 days after the procedure owing to self-mutilation behavior of unknown etiology. This report is the first to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapeutics, and treatment response for a sugar glider with mammary neoplasia.     

紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量碳与水溶性有机碳变化特征

为了研究湖南省衡阳市紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）与水溶性有机碳（SWSOC）的变化特征。采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,选用立地条件基本相似的草坡阶段（GT）、草灌阶段（MT）、灌丛阶段（FX）、灌乔阶段（FA）、乔木阶段（AR）和顶极阶段（TV）,通过调查取样和试验分析,对不同恢复阶段的0~10,10~20和20~40 cm土层土壤的SMBC、土壤微生物熵（SMQ）、SWSOC、水溶性有机碳与土壤有机碳的比值（SWSOC/SOC）、土壤基础呼吸（SBR）的变化规律以及他们与土壤理化性质的关系进行了研究。结果表明：SMBC和SBR随着土层深度的增加而减小,随着恢复的进行而增加;SMQ随着土层深度的增加和恢复进行而增加;在不同的恢复阶段,SWSOC均随着土层深度的增加而减小,在0~10 cm土层,SWSOC随着恢复的进行而增加,在10~20和20~40 cm土层,SWSOC随着恢复的进行先增后减;SWSOC/SOC随着土层深度的增加而增加,随着恢复的进行而减小;SMBC,SMQ,SWSOC,SBR均与土壤理化性质存在密切的相关性。研究表明,植被恢复有利于土壤质量的提高和土壤有机碳库的累积。     

大米提取复合糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响

本试验旨在研究大米提取复合糖在无诱食剂条件下对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态与功能的影响。试验选取(26±2)日龄健康、体重相近的三元杂断奶仔猪160头,随机分为5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪,A组饲喂标准饲粮,B组饲喂基础饲粮(标准饲粮中去除甜味剂、香味剂、葡萄糖、蔗糖),C组饲喂标准饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,D组饲喂基础饲粮+3%大米提取复合糖,E组饲喂基础饲粮+5%大米提取复合糖。结果表明:1)与A组相比,B组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05),C组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的ADG、ADFI和料重比(F/G)差异不显著(P>0.05),E组的ADG、ADFI显著提高(P<0.05),F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与A组相比,B组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05),C组的CP表观消化率有提高的趋势(P=0.069);与B组相比,D组的养分表观消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),E组干物质(DM)、CP和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与A组相比,B组的隐窝深度(CD)显著提高(P<0.05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)有降低的趋势(P=0.073),C组的绒毛高度(VH)和V/C显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组的VH和CD均无显著差异(P>0.05),V/C有提高的趋势(P=0.053),E组的V/C显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与A组相比,B组闭合蛋白(occludin)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),C组闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO 1)的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05),occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组ZO 1和occludin的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),E组ZO 1的mRNA表达量有提高的趋势(P=0.075),occludin的mRNA表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。5)与A组相比,B组的血清总抗氧化能力(T AOC)显著降低(P<0.05),C组的血清T AOC无显著差异(P>0.05);与B组相比,D组和E组的血清T AOC显著提高(P<0.05)。6)5个组之间的回肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在无诱食剂条件下,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加大米提取复合糖可以通过提高养分消化吸收、抗氧化能力和肠道屏障等途径实现对仔猪生长性能的改善。     

净、套作下大豆茎秆和籽粒糖氮动态规律研究

碳氮代谢是影响作物产量和品质的主要因素之一,在糖氮运输和储存过程中茎秆起着重要作用。以南豆12和南豆20为供试材料,在净、套作下分析不同生育时期大豆茎秆及籽粒中可溶性糖、氮含量变化规律,明确种植模式对大豆茎秆和籽粒碳氮的影响。结果表明,随着生育时期的推进,南豆12和南豆20茎秆可溶性糖和氮含量在净、套作条件下均呈现“低-高-低”的趋势,糖氮比呈现“低-高”的趋势。大豆从苗期至盛花期,茎秆可溶性糖、氮及糖氮比在净套作条件下差异显著(P<0.05),但从盛荚期至完熟期差异不显著(P>0.05)。净、套作模式下大豆籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比差异极显著(P<0.01),但品种间差异不显著。通过相关性分析,大豆盛花期到鼓粒期茎秆可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比与籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),特别是氮和糖氮比,相关系数最大值达到0.85。这些结果为明确糖氮由茎秆到籽粒的运输规律和套作大豆合理种植栽培参数提供理论支撑。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的原核可溶性表达

针对重组原核表达载体表达目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在的问题,作者对影响外源蛋白表达的IPTG的浓度、温度、时间等因素均进行了探索,以观察VP1蛋白的可溶性情况。通过PCR技术将VP1基因克隆至pGEM-T载体中,然后将pET-28a(+)和pGEM-T载体分别进行双酶切,构建重组的pET-28a-VP1载体,将重组载体转化至BL21中,诱导后经SDS-PAGE检测可见约29 ku的目的蛋白条带。插入的外源目的蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,上清中的可溶性蛋白甚微。试验结果表明,这可能与蛋白本身的氨基酸组成有重要关联。     

DIETARY VITAMIN D3 INFLUENCE ON SERUM 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS IN CAPTIVE SUGAR GLIDERS (PETAURUS BREVICEPS)

A pilot study was performed to investigate the impact of dietary vitamin D on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) metabolite concentrations in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps). The study with diets containing 0, 0.2 (low), or 0.4 (moderate) International Units vitamin D₃ per gram of dry matter and fed to adults at 2 locations. Serum 25[OH]D concentrations did not differ between animals fed produce only (no added vitamin D–either D₂ or D₃) for 3 weeks (8.83 ± 0.98 nmol/L), n?=?6, or low dietary levels (7.86 ± 3.80 nmol/L), n?=?7, continuously for multiple years. Conversely, animals consuming diets containing moderate vitamin D₃ levels displayed increased circulating concentrations (15.00 ± 3.59), n?=?8, after 3 weeks. Despite the response to diets supplemented with vitamin D, overall metabolite levels were low and may indicate minimal metabolic dependence on this nutrient in sugar gliders, similar to processes documented in other hindgut fermenters.     

Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate

Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics.     

Effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent–soluble fibre on ruminal fermentation,microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)

A rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) apparatus with eight 800 ml fermenters was used to investigate the effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent–soluble fibre (NDSF) by inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. Experimental diets contained 12.7, 16.4, 20.1 or 23.8% NDSF substituted for starch on a dry matter basis. The experiment was conducted over two independent 15‐day incubation periods with the last 8 days used for data collection. There was a tendency that 16.4% NDSF in the diet increased the apparent disappearance of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Increasing dietary NDSF level increased carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activity in the solid fraction and apparent disappearance of acid detergent fibre (ADF) but reduced the 16S rDNA copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus in both liquid and solid fractions and R. flavefaciens in the solid fraction. The apparent disappearance of dietary nitrogen (N) was reduced by 29.6% with increased dietary NDSF. Substituting NDSF for starch appeared to increase the ratios of acetate/propionate and methane/volatile fatty acids (VFA) (mol/mol). Replacing dietary starch with NDSF reduced the daily production of ammonia‐N and increased the growth of the solid‐associated microbial pellets (SAM). Total microbial N flow and efficiency of microbial synthesis (EMS), expressed as g microbial N/kg OM fermented, tended to increase with increased dietary NDSF, but the numerical increase did not continue as dietary NDSF exceeded 20.1% of diet DM. Results suggested that substituting NDSF for starch up to 16.4% of diet DM increased digestion of nutrients (except for N) and microbial synthesis, and further increases (from 16.4% to 23.8%) in dietary NDSF did not repress microbial synthesis but did significantly reduce digestion of dietary N.     

施肥和覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦花后干物质转移、糖代谢及其籽粒产量的影响

选择不同的施肥(无机+有机)和覆盖模式,2012-2015年在典型的西北半干旱雨养农业区甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所清水试验站进行大田试验,研究不同施肥+覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦干物质转移、糖代谢及其籽粒产量的影响,并分析糖含量与产量、物质转移之间的相关关系。结果表明,比较对照T₁(不施任何肥料),不同的施肥+覆盖模式均不同程度地提高了籽粒产量,依次为高量化肥+有机肥(T₆)>等量化肥+有机肥(T₄)>高量化肥+地膜覆盖(T₅)>等量化肥+地膜覆盖(T₃)>常规化肥(T₂)>不施肥(T₁)。增施有机肥(T₄、T₆)提高后期干物质转移量、转移比率、贡献率,增加粒重,并保证较高的有效成穗,从而增加籽粒产量,处理T₆、T₄分别比对照T₁增产119.22%和118.24%。地膜覆盖(T₃、T₅)增加了花后不同时期叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、颖壳干物质累积量和单穗粒数,为籽粒产量的提高奠定了基础。相反,地膜覆盖(T₃、T₅)降低干物质转移比率和贡献率。增施氮肥(T₃~T₆)提高了叶片干物质累积量,但过多的氮肥不利于籽粒增重,并降低了干物质转移比率和贡献率。不同的施肥+覆盖模式(T₂~T₆)降低了灌浆中前期(10、20 d )各个营养器官可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,延缓了前期叶片和叶鞘可溶性糖和蔗糖下降的速度,叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、颖壳可溶性糖含量下降最快的时期均在花后30~40 d,籽粒在花后10~20 d。相关分析表明,产量、株高、单位面积穗数、穗长、旗叶面积均与中前期(花后10、20 d)叶片、茎秆、叶鞘可溶性糖和蔗糖含量呈极显著和显著负相关。本研究结果证实,在甘肃旱地雨养农业区,结合有机肥施用(T₄、T₆),适当增加氮、磷用量完全能达到地膜覆盖对籽粒产量的增加,是更为持续、稳产的旱地小麦栽培模式。     

紫花苜蓿主根内非结构性碳水化合物累积及其与抗寒性的关系

以国内外5个不同紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,测定当年植株人工冷冻胁迫处理前后的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)累积情况,以人工控温后的再生长率为衡量指标,研究NSC累积情况与抗寒性的关系及冷冻前后的NSC累积情况。结果表明,秋季主根内可溶性糖积累浓度显著正相关于各品种的冻后再生长率(R=0.936,P0.01);淀粉浓度则与抗寒性间呈显著负相关(R=-0.880,P0.05),且根部淀粉累积总量显著负相关于其抗寒性(R=-0.923,P0.05);人工冷冻过程中伴随各苜蓿品种主根内淀粉浓度下降糖浓度升高,两者存在动态平衡。在苜蓿冷冻后返青生长过程中,主根内总非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)浓度下降。