种植密度对杂交糯高粱群体库源关系的影响

采用裂区试验设计,密度为主区,设置4个密度（9.0万、10.5万、12.0万、13.5万株/hm ²）处理,副区为3个杂交糯高粱品种,共计12个处理,小区面积14m ²,3次重复。研究杂交糯高粱在不同密度条件下群体库源特征的变化。研究结果表明,各生育时期的叶面积指数和源生产能力均与密度显著相关,增加种植密度是增源的关键措施,增加密度可在一定程度上增加群体有效库容量,因此,合理的密植是实现库源协调的关键措施。在高密度条件下,增加穗粒数是进一步提高有效库容量的关键措施。选用类似于泸糯8号这种源足、库大的品种,合理增加种植密度,是四川东南部杂交糯高粱进一步高产的有效途径。     

水稻籽粒库强与其淀粉积累之间关系的研究

本试验以源限制型水稻品种亚优2号、献改优63和汕优63为材料，研究籽粒发育过程中籽粒库强与其淀粉积累之间的关系。结果表明：（1）强、弱势粒淀粉积累与其胚乳细胞的数目密切相关，两者表现出明显的同步性；（2）强势粒蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和淀粉合成酶最大活性高峰出现时间显著早于弱势粒的出现时间，     

Contribution of Different Organs to Grain Filling in Durum Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions I. Contribution of Post‐Anthesis Photosynthesis and Remobilization

Under Mediterranean conditions, drought affects cereals production principally through a limitation of grain filling. In this study, the respective role of post‐anthesis photosynthesis and carbon remobilization and the contribution of flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns to grain filling were evaluated under Mediterranean conditions in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) cultivars. For the purpose, we examined the effects of shading and excision of different parts of the plant and compared carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in dry matter of flag leaf, stem, chaff, awns and grain at maturity and in sap of stem, flag leaf, chaff and awns, this last measurement providing information on photosynthesis during a short period preceding sampling. Source–sink manipulations and isotopic imprints of different organs on final isotope composition of the grain confirmed the high contribution of both carbons assimilated by ears and remobilized from stems to grain filling, and the relatively low contribution of leaves to grain filling. Grain Δ was highly and significantly associated with grain yield across treatments, suggesting the utilization of this trait as an indicator of source–sink manipulations effects on grain yield. Chaff and awns Δ were better correlated with grain Δ than stem and leaf Δ, indicating that chaff were more involved in grain filling than other organs. Moreover, in chaff, sap Δ was highly significantly correlated with dry matter Δ. These results suggest the use of Δ for a rapid and non‐destructive estimation of the variation in the contribution of different organs to grain filling.     

Preliminary Study on the Sourcesink Relationship of Bt Transgenic Cotton

以转Ｂｔ基因抗虫棉中棉所３０（ＣＣＲＩ３０）及其对照品种中棉所１６（ＣＣＲＩ１６）为材料,在大田和温室盆栽条件下初步研究了Ｂｔ抗虫棉源库器官的发育特点和源库关系。试验结果表明,转Ｂｔ基因抗虫棉中棉所３０的光合叶面积及根系活力均低于对照品种中棉所１６,源器官的功能较为低下;但前者库器官的活性较强,对同化物的竞争能力高于后者。虽然中棉所３０在盛花期和结铃期提高了叶片中１４Ｃ同化物的输出率,但仍然不能从根本上解决源器官的制造能力和库器官需要之间的矛盾。文中提出了Ｂｔ抗虫棉生产中栽培措施的主攻方向。     

我国森林管理参考水平制定方法的分析

森林管理参考水平的制订是今后气候变化研究的重要内容之一.文中通过总结森林管理的相关定义和森林管理参考水平的制定要求, 讨论附件Ⅰ缔约方在制定森林管理参考水平过程中存在的问题, 结合森林现状分析我国在森林管理参考水平制定过程中将面临的困难, 提出我国森林管理参考水平的制定应包括3个方面的研究内容, 即预测延长森林轮伐期的森林碳储量变化量、木质林产品的碳储量变化量和不可抗力(如火灾、病虫害、暴风雪等)引起的森林碳储量变化量, 三者的加和即为森林管理碳汇活动参考水平.     

湖南碳汇项目林主要建群种生物量模型构建

根据湖南碳汇项目林主要类型,充分利用"八五"-"十二五"期间课题组自有成果,同时开展补充调查,以项目林28个主要建群种为研究对象,依据立地条件、林分类型、群落结构、林龄等因素综合布设386个固定样地,按径阶组分不同的树高级选取目标径阶标准样木2 139株,实测标准木生物量,利用11种形式的生物量模型分别对各树种单株生物量进行拟合,得出拟合效果最优的单株生物量模型,通过评价与检验,各模型均具有较好的拟合精度和预估水平。     

Management effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across the Orinoco savannas

Across the physiognomic types of the Orinoco llanos, periodic inventories and changes in land-use between 1982–1992 are estimated. Results indicate that the area under pastures and forest plantations is increased by 0.005337×10⁶ km², whilts reducing the area of croplands by 0.000119×10⁶ km². This is a net increase of 0.005218×10⁶ km². The gross carbon release is 174.66 Tg C per year to the atmosphere and transferring from cultivated and native vegetation to wood products (1.62 Tg C per year) and slash (1.18 Tg C per year). The processes of land preparation contribute 1.40 Tg C per year to the atmosphere. From the tree savannas, woodlands and forests 0.73 Tg C per year are estimated to have been transferred to the soil following clearance and burning over this period, and 1.05 Tg C per year from herbaceous savannas when were buried and decomposed at 0.84 Tg C per year. The estimate of carbon balance here by inventories and changes in land-use approach indicates that the Orinoco llanos is a sink of −17.53 Tg C per year. The carbon turnover time in the Orinoco system is 68 years, which provides a limited route for carbon sequestration. The calculated potential of the Orinoco llanos for storing carbon is 8300 Tg C. Ecological options to achieve this potential value are addressed. However, nutrient deficiency and seasonal water supply are serious drawbacks to take into account for increasing carbon accretion. These results are particular for the Orinoco llanos, even though described processes could be similar to world-wide savannas, where a gradient of carbon heterogeneity exists.     

郑州市常见园林植物净碳汇及其经济价值

为了研究郑州市不同种类园林植物的净碳汇及其经济价值,选择了具有代表性的13种乔木树种,8种灌木树种,5种草本植物,调查计算了这些植物的碳投入量,测定了这些植物的净生产力和碳含量,计算其净碳汇,用碳税法计算不同植物种类固碳价值。结果表明,乔木树种净碳汇的价值由大到小的顺序为:法桐、银杏、国槐、雪松、旱柳、女贞、广玉兰、黄山栾、白蜡、垂柳、龙柏、侧柏、紫叶李;灌木树种净碳汇的价值由大到小的顺序为:红叶石楠、小叶女贞、法青、黄杨、千头柏、月季、紫叶小檗、紫薇;草本植物净碳汇的价值由大到小的顺序为:菊花、鸢尾、葱兰、麦冬、早熟禾;不同类型园林植物的净碳汇的价值,乔木树种最大,其后依次为灌木树种、草本植物。建议在园林绿化中选择净碳汇较高的园林植物,减少园林绿地管理中农药与肥料的使用量,降低其碳投入,不断提高园林绿地空气净化功能。     

森林保护碳汇项目方法学研究

森林保护碳汇项目是林业行业减排增汇项目的重要组成,因其多重效益已被纳入应对气候变化的行动倡议和碳交易市场领域。文中基于我国温室气体自愿减排市场的需求,从计量碳库的选择、基线情景的确定、额外性论证及碳储量计量等方面研究出适合我国的森林保护碳汇项目方法学,提出将木质林产品、地上生物量、枯死木及枯落物作为计量碳库并采用蓄积法、生物量扩展因子法及衰减函数法计算碳储量的新碳汇项目方法学,以期为我国森林保护碳汇项目开发及全国碳交易市场建设提供理论参考。     

日本森林资源供求变动趋势和经营管理战略创新

丰富的森林资源促进了第2次世界大战结束后日本经济的恢复和高速发展。此后,林产品市场供求、生产经营和产业政策发生了重大变化。文中分析了日本森林资源和森林经营现状、木材供求和森林功能多样化的趋势,以及林业政策、经营管理和技术创新的动向,以期为理论研究和业务决策提供参考。日本在经济高速增长期过后,木材需求量减少,自给率维持低位。近年来,日本林木进入集中主伐利用期,社会对森林生态环保需求增大,森林经营面临着规模过小、国有林缺乏经营活力、年轻劳动力减少等问题。日本森林经营管理创新的重点包括提高科技贡献率、改革林业特别是国有林的生产经营体制、提升森林在生态与环境和经济减贫等多方面价值。目前,上述创新已经效果初现,也是今后日本林业改革发展的主要方向。