魁蚶亲贝控温促熟试验

首次研究了魁蚶亲贝性腺室内控温促熟技术，３月中旬亲入池，人工控温，强化饲育２５－２８天，４月中下旬性腺成熟，排放精卵，比自然界提前３个月左右，水温１６℃以上是魁蚶亲贝性腺成熟的迅速期。１９９１年１１月专家鉴定认为，本研究属国内首次，居国内先进水平。     

Pectin purified from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel as a natural hatching agent for fish embryos

Pectin is a biodegradable polysaccharide, and it has been recently applied as a gene delivery, drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering agent. In this study, pectin was extracted from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel and characterized. The extraction recovery of pectin form pomelo peel was 14.5%, and it had 72.56% degree of esterification, 1,245.56 equivalent weight, 7.82% methoxyl and 68.27% anhydrouronic acid contents. Use of pomelo pectin as a hatching enhancing agent for fish embryos and its effect on hatching enzyme 1 (ZHE1) was investigated. The pectin‐exposed zebrafish embryos (100 µg/ml) showed significantly (p < .05) higher hatching rate (96.6%) compared with untreated (control) embryos (66.6%) at 60 hpf. The mRNA expression of ZHE1 was also significantly (p < .05) elevated up to 55.6‐fold in pectin‐exposed embryos at 24 hpf. In situ hybridization results revealed remarkably strong expression of ZHE1 in pectin‐exposed embryos compared with the control group. In addition, considerably larger size of the hatching gland was observed in pectin‐exposed larvae than that of the unexposed larvae group. These results clearly indicate that pectin isolated from pomelo peel has an ability to enhance the hatching process of zebrafish embryos via upregulation of ZHE1.     

2种离子固化剂改善黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的研究

为了探讨CONAID和LUKANG 2种离子固化剂的固土性能及其影响因素,对不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期、压实度和含水率的固化黄土进行了直剪试验和渗透试验.研究结果表明:随着固化荆掺量、养护龄期和压实度增大,2种固化土的内摩擦角和黏聚力呈上升趋势,渗透系数呈下降趋势,且规律比较接近.其中LUKANG固化剂对黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的改善效果优于CONAID固化荆.建议在施工过程中选用LUKANG固化剂,掺量宜取0.01%.为了达到更好的抗剪和抗渗效果,应尽量延长固化土的养护龄期,增加压实度.     

超级稻扬粳4227机插秧壮秧培育技术

应用高吸水种衣剂种子包衣,研究其在扬粳4227机插秧上的应用效果,分析不同药种比种子包衣处理对水稻秧苗出苗率、成苗率、秧苗素质及秧苗根系形态特性的影响,结果表明,适宜药种比包衣(1∶30)处理出苗率、成苗率分别比不包衣处理高出3.93个百分点和7.35个百分点;且壮秧率大幅度提高,秧苗素质明显增强;同时还起到了适当增强秧龄弹性,延长适栽期的效果。     

Response of tubers of five potato cultivars to co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 genotypes ofPhytophthora infestans

Summary The severity of late blight tuber rot in five potato cultivars (Green Mountain, Sebago, Dorita, AC Brador and Island Sunshine) resulting from inoculation with US-1/US-8 combinations of Canadian isolates ofPhytophthora infestans was evaluated. In addition, the potential for mixed (A1∶A2) inoculations to result in oospore formation was examined. In studies conducted in 1996 and 1997, cv. Dorita (and Island Sunshine in 1997) developed the least amount of surface or internal necrosis relative to the other cultivars following co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 isolates ofP. infestans. Differences also were revealed among isolate combinations used for inoculation. The combination of a US-1 isolate from Prince Edward Island with a US-8 isolate from New Brunswick consistently produced the least amount of necrosis in tubers of the various cultivars. There was no evidence of oospore production in any of the tubers examined. AAFC Contribution No. 919     

不同药剂防治中稻稻飞虱简比试验

通过对不同药剂防治中稻稻飞虱进行对比试验,筛选出25%吡蚜酮、10%醚菊酯2种药剂,其防治效果最佳。     

高效液相色谱法测定香蕉防霜剂中三氯卡班的含量

采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件为：Symmetry十八烷基键合硅胶柱,流动相：乙腈∶水=7∶3（V∶V）,检测波长：265 nm,流速：1 mL.min-1。建立了测定香蕉防霜剂中三氯卡班含量的方法,线性方程为：Y=5.02×10-4X＋1.27×10-3（Y为三氯卡班含量,X为色谱峰面积,R=0.9997）,线性范围为0.8-15 mg.L-1,检测限0.2 mg.L-1,方法回收率为99.08%-99.32%（RSD=1.08%-2.03%,n=5）。可用于香蕉防霜剂和相关产品中三氯卡班定量测定。     

种衣剂添加芸苔素内酯预防玉米冷害药害试验分析

在11％福·戊种衣剂中添加不同浓度的0.1％芸苔素内酯(BR),对九单48和东单213进行包衣处理,利用智能光照培养箱和田间错期播种,检验不同包衣处理对低温冷害的防御能力.结果表明,人工控制温度条件下,九单48添加最佳剂量BR出苗率为92％,未添加BR处理出苗率仅为20％,未包衣(对照)出苗率为48％.东单213添加最佳剂量BR出苗率为90％,未添加BR处理出苗率为80％,未包衣(对照)出苗率为52％.田间错期第一批播种处理中,九单48添加BR比未添加出苗率高3.83个百分点;东单213添加BR比未添加出苗率高4.94个百分点.种衣剂中添加适量BR能够有效抵御冷害药害,提高出苗率.     

减阻剂室外埋地评价环道及瞬态模型

针对减阻剂室内评价环道存在的问题,设计安装了管径159mm、长300m的室外埋地评价环道,其管径、长度、油品流速更接近于实际管道.该装置采用高压氮气作为动力源,测试段沿线布设高精度压力传感器和高频压力传感器,测试段出口设有超声波流量计,同时安装有耐压罐和常压罐.由于在环道评价试验中装置的压力不断变化,因此建立了试验过程氮气管路、油品管路、氮气罐、耐压罐的瞬态模型,使用VB语言编制了计算程序,用以计算不同粘度和初始压力下的油品流速和压力变化,雷诺数范围和试验时间,判断试验条件的可行性.     

海口市郊菜地病虫害及其防治调研与Bt制剂应用

调查海南省海口市郊区菜地病虫害的发生情况及防治现状,并对采用生物农药Bt制剂防治白菜地害虫的效果进行初步研究。结果表明：龙头村蔬菜基地主要害虫为小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾,主要蔬菜病害为白菜根肿病,其它病、虫害不明显。从龙头村白菜地分离到昆虫病原线虫,可以杀死害虫。野外试验结果证明,应用Bt制剂可有效防治白菜地害虫,此结果可为海南省蔬菜病虫害的防治提供一定的参考。