复合微生物菌剂对棉花生理特性及根际土壤 微生物和化学性质的影响

为了系统地阐述复合微生物菌剂在改善土壤化学性质、生物学性质和促进植物生长方面的效果及机理,采用盆栽试验,研究常规和灭菌条件下不同用量的微生物菌剂对棉花生长、生理代谢、根际土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响。结果表明:施用复合微生物菌剂能够提高苗期棉花叶片光合色素总量,叶片和根系内抗氧化物酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低过氧化物质含量(MDA、O2·-),进而提高了棉花的光合性能和抗氧化能力;降低了土壤pH,提高了根际土壤细菌和放线菌数,而降低了根际土壤真菌数,同时提高了根际土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性,最终提高了根际土壤有效养分和有机质含量,改善了根际微域环境,促进了棉花苗期生物量的累积和抗病性。除根际土壤养分含量外,常规复合微生物菌剂对各指标的改善效果优于灭菌复合微生物菌剂,且用量为10L/667m2时效果较明显。因此,复合微生物菌剂可通过改变土壤pH,改善根际土壤微生物群落的数量和结构来改变土壤酶活性和有效养分含量,优化根际生长环境,增强植物抗逆性和光合能力,最终实现养地增产的效果。此外,复合微生物菌剂中的有益活菌在改土、促生方面具有极其重要的积极效应。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌GB58对水稻纹枯病的防效及菌剂载体筛选

旨在对解淀粉芽孢杆菌GB58在水稻纹枯病上的盆栽防治效果和最佳菌剂载体进行研究,明确其应用前景。采用盆栽试验测定GB58对水稻纹枯病的病斑高率和在水稻上的定殖能力,测定GB58在菌剂固定载体的吸附能力和吸附稳定性。盆栽试验结果表明,GB58在水稻病株上有良好的定殖效果,定殖数最大达到2.22×10⁷ cfu/g。与喷施井冈霉素处理相比,GB58对水稻纹枯病的防效在病害发生后20、40天分别显著提高了20%、24%。GB58在固体菌剂吸附载体的研究表明：结合菌体吸附量、存活率和抑菌活性进行分析,有机载体吸附效果好于无机载体;同时综合考虑应用价值,选择玉米粉、有机肥为菌剂吸附载体较好。GB58对水稻纹枯病具有较好的生防效果。采用玉米粉和有机肥作为固体菌剂吸附载体,具有经济、高效的特点,有较大的应用价值与开发潜力。     

不同保鲜剂对碧螺春茶保鲜效果的影响

以苏州碧螺春茶为试材,设计了16种不同保鲜剂,经过一定条件贮藏后,观察其对碧螺春茶的保鲜效果.结果表明,处理9(硅胶和抗坏血酸钠系列)与处理11(焦亚硫酸钠和抗坏血酸钠系列)保鲜效果最好,处理1(铁粉和氯化钠系列)、处理6(铁粉、氯化亚铁、碳酸氢钠、反丁烯二酸和沸石系列)、处理12(细孔硅胶)、处理14(活性干燥剂)保鲜效果较好.并对感观品质各特点与生化成分含量的相关性做了分析研究.     

不同保鲜剂对常温下鸡蛋保鲜效果的影响

采用壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、石蜡作为保鲜剂对鸡蛋进行保鲜效果的比较试验,通过对常温贮藏期间鸡蛋各项感官指标和内部品质指标变化的分析发现,上述保鲜剂单独使用时,液体石蜡保鲜效果极显著地优于对照组,聚乙烯醇次之,壳聚糖保鲜效果最差,但仍优于对照组.经液体石蜡涂膜处理的鸡蛋在25℃、60%～80%相对湿度条件下存放30天,鲜蛋率仍为100%,相当于对照组存放6天时的品质,失重率仅为0.73,蛋黄指数为0.37,浓蛋白含量为41.49%,蛋白pH值为7.77.     

自制保鲜剂对灵武长枣低温贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以可溶性固形物含量24.3%的灵武长枣为试材,研究了冷藏过程中果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,保鲜剂浸果极显著降低了霉烂果率,显著减缓了贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和维生素C氧化分解,明显抑制了果肉蔗糖水解,显著提高了贮藏中后期脆好果率。但保鲜剂浸果对可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖和果胶含量没有明显影响。脆好果率与果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量和蔗糖含量均呈极显著正相关性,拟合曲线为二次多项式,相关系数分别为0.9266、0.9937和0.9971。果肉抗坏血酸含量和果肉硬度均与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.9894和0.9343。     

乙烯脱除剂处理对杏果实常温贮藏品质的影响

以新疆库买提杏果实为试材,研究了常温（25℃）条件下乙烯脱除剂处理对杏果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,乙烯脱除剂处理可有效降低杏果实贮藏前期的呼吸及乙烯释放速率,减缓细胞膜透性、MDA的上升及VC含量的下降速度,减少贮藏期内营养物质的消耗,延长杏果实的贮藏保鲜期,但贮藏5天后效果不明显。     

2种离子固化剂改善黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的研究

为了探讨CONAID和LUKANG 2种离子固化剂的固土性能及其影响因素,对不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期、压实度和含水率的固化黄土进行了直剪试验和渗透试验.研究结果表明:随着固化荆掺量、养护龄期和压实度增大,2种固化土的内摩擦角和黏聚力呈上升趋势,渗透系数呈下降趋势,且规律比较接近.其中LUKANG固化剂对黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的改善效果优于CONAID固化荆.建议在施工过程中选用LUKANG固化剂,掺量宜取0.01%.为了达到更好的抗剪和抗渗效果,应尽量延长固化土的养护龄期,增加压实度.     

寄主诱导的基因沉默提高植物真菌病害抗性研究进展

寄主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)以病原菌生长发育、产孢繁殖、侵染或致病过程中的关键基因作为靶点,在寄主植物中表达针对靶基因的RNAi构建体,在病原菌侵染植物的过程中,摄入相应的ds RNA或si RNA分子,通过识别、结合特异核苷酸序列,干扰病菌靶基因表达,从而抑制病菌侵染和扩展,使植物表现抗病。这项技术为培育基于病原菌特异序列的植物抗病性奠定了基础,显示了巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了利用HIGS技术提高植物真菌病抗性的最新研究进展,总结了国内外利用这项技术改良植物真菌病害抗性的主要策略、技术路线,展望了发展应用前景。     

Effects of CENP-W down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells

AIM: To study the effect of centromere protein W (CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay, BrdU staining and colony formation experiment. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test. The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay, colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group. The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migration and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.     

Screening of lentiviral vectors carrying effective siRNA targeting S1P2 gene

AIM:To screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA with higher efficiency of suppressing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1P2) gene expression in the primarily cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:SHR and SD rats (n=5 each) were used for primarily culturing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3,SHR GFP,SHR control (SHR non-transfection group),and SD control (SD rat control group).Each group had 5 samples with 1.0×10⁵ cells of each sample.At 72 h after transfection (MOI=60) with lentiviral vectors carrying S1P2 siRNA into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,the expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.The protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1,ROCK2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,and the mRNA expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 were determined by by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:The transfection efficiency of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were>80%.Compared with SHR control group,the mRNA levels and the protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in SHR GFP group showed no remarkable changes,while those in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SD control groups were significantly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.05).The protein expression of eNOS in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were not significantly changed as compared with SHR control group,but that in SD control group was significantly higher than that in SHR control group.CONCLUSION:Three groups of siRNA lentiviral vectors targeting S1P2 inhibit the expression of S1P2 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of SHR,and by silencing the S1P2 expression,the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 is inhibited.Among them,siRNA-1 has the highest inhibitory efficiency.