不同短季棉品种生育进程中主茎叶内源激素的变化动态

 以 3个生育和衰老特性不同的短季棉品种为材料 ,测定其在生育进程中主茎叶内源激素含量的动态变化。结果表明 ,短季棉的早熟性与主茎叶中早期吲哚乙酸 (IAA)和玉米素及其核苷 (Z +ZR)含量出现高峰值的时间一致 ,这 2种激素高峰值出现的时间愈早 ,其产量器官发育也早 ;短季棉的早衰性与主茎叶中后期脱落酸 (ABA)、乙烯和IAA出现的高峰时间一致 ,而与主茎叶中异戊烯基嘌呤及其核苷 (iP +iPA)含量相反。短季棉始絮后 ,主茎叶中iP +iPA含量低、ABA、IAA和乙烯含量高的品种易早衰 ,主茎叶中iP +iPA含量高、ABA、IAA和乙烯含量低的品种抗早衰。     

Age‐related changes in the bovine corpus luteum function and progesterone secretion

Decreased fertility associated with maternal ageing is a well‐known critical problem, and progesterone (P4) concentration decreases during the menopause transition in women. The corpus luteum (CL) secretes P4, thereby supporting the implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. It is proposed that a bovine model is suitable for studying age‐associated decline of fertility in women because the physiology of cows is similar to that of women and cows have a greater longevity compared with other animal models. Thus, we investigated the age‐dependent qualitative changes and inflammatory responses in the bovine CL. In vivo experiment: Cows were divided into three groups, namely, young (mean age: 34.8 months), middle (80.1 months) and aged (188.9 months). Blood samples were collected on days 7 and 12 during the estrous cycle. In vitro experiments: Cows were divided into young (mean age: 27.6 months) and aged (183.1 months). The CL tissues of these groups were collected from a local slaughterhouse and used for tissue culture experiments. An in vivo experiment, plasma P4 concentration in aged cows was significantly lower than that in young cows, whereas no difference was found regarding the area of CL. An in vitro examination in the bovine CL tissues showed that the luteal P4 concentration, P4 secretion, and mRNA expression of StAR and 3β‐HSD were lower in aged cows compared with young cows, especially in the early luteal phase. However, no differences were detected in the mRNA expression of inflammation‐ and senescence‐related factors and inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharides between the CL tissues from young and aged cows, indicating that an age‐dependent increase in inflammation is not involved in the luteal function. P4 production and secretion from the bovine CL diminish in old cows, especially during the early luteal phase, suggesting that senescence may affect the luteal function in cows.     

蚕卵冻干粉的免疫调节和延缓衰老的功能研究

以小鼠和果蝇为实验动物,探讨了蚕卵冻干粉的免疫调节和延缓衰老的功能。结果表明:50、100和300mg/kg剂量的蚕卵冻干粉对小鼠迟发性变态反应均有显著的影响,50mg/kg剂量可使小鼠血清溶血素HC50比对照组提高88%,碳廓吞噬指数提高15%,巨噬细胞吞噬比率提高65%,心肌脂褐质与对照组相比降低22%,肝脏SOD比活力提高16%;300mg/kg可使肝脏SOD活力提高28%;各剂量组均可延长果蝇的平均寿命,以100mg/kg最为显著。认为蚕卵冻干粉具有明显的免疫调节功能和延缓衰老作用。     

香石竹保鲜技术研究进展

从水分代谢、呼吸代谢、植物生长调节剂等几个方面分析香石竹采后衰老的原因,总结出目前香石竹采后保鲜所采用的方法,并提出香石竹保鲜技术的未来发展方向,以期为香石竹的切花保鲜研究提供参考.     

红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响

为了明确红光和蓝光对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的两个葡萄品种‘意大利’和‘无核白鸡心’为试材,分别进行补充红光和蓝光处理,以未补光处理作对照,研究其对功能叶片衰老期间叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量,净光合速率,丙二醛（MDA）含量,过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及超氧阴离子自由基（）和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量的影响。研究结果表明：与对照相比,红光明显减缓了叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量以及净光合速率的下降,提高了CAT和SOD活性,减慢了MDA、、H2O2的上升速率,推迟了H2O2出现最大含量的时间,延缓了叶片衰老;蓝光处理下,叶片衰老前期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、抗氧化酶活性均低于对照,加速了叶片的衰老进程,但在后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性逐渐高于对照,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老。两个品种间比较,‘意大利’叶片衰老缓慢,在生育后期仍能维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。     

非洲菊切花衰老过程中细胞壁组分及相关酶活性变化

研究了非洲菊切花易弯茎品种Sondance衰老过程中细胞壁组分及其相关水解酶活性的变化。结果表明,花茎纤维素、原果胶含量在瓶插前期均有所增加,3天后迅速下降;瓶插过程中,可溶性果胶含量与原果胶含量变化呈显著负相关;纤维素酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶活性在瓶插1-5天均呈快速上升之后下降。细胞壁物质的分解以及细胞壁水解酶活性的快速上升是非洲菊切花弯茎的主要原因。