6—BA对油茶离体叶片衰老的延缓作用

在照光和黑暗条件下研究了不同浓度的６－ＢＡ和ＧＡ＋６－ＢＡ混合剂处理对油茶离体叶片衰老的影响．结果表明,在光条件下６－ＢＡ可以保持叶片细胞的超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（为对照的１２９％）,降低了膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的积累（为对照的４７％）,延缓叶绿素和蛋白质的降解．说明６－ＢＡ有延缓叶片衰老的作用,在黑暗条件下上述生理指标的水平较低,表明光对６－ＢＡ的作用有一定的增益效应．ＧＡ＋６－ＢＡ混合剂处理没有明显效果     

三唑酮延缓青稞离体叶片衰老的研究

以青稞叶片为试材,对其进行黑暗诱导衰老,研究了三唑酮处理对青稞离体叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、水溶性蛋白质、非水溶性蛋白质、丙二醛(MDA)含量、Chl a/b值和过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果显示,在青稞离体叶片衰老过程中,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、Chl a/b值与水溶性、非水溶性蛋白质含量均不断下降,丙二醛含量、POD活性上升,SOD和CAT活性降低。三唑酮处理延缓叶绿素a、叶绿素b、Chl a/b值与非水溶性蛋白质含量的下降,抑制丙二醛含量、POD活性的上升,阻碍SOD活性降低,对水溶性蛋白质和CAT作用不明显。表明三唑酮具有减轻青稞离体叶片膜脂过氧化的能力和延缓叶片衰老的作用。     

水稻植株衰老调控研究进展

激素、基因、外部条件均可诱导早衰发生,而水稻早衰是影响其产量进一步提高的主要因素之一。该研究综述了通过调控代谢、改变外界因素和运用转基因技术在延缓水稻植株衰老方面的研究进展,旨在探明抑制早衰的有效方法和途径,为保证水稻高产稳产提供保障。     

Relationship between grain filling duration and leaf senescence of temperate rice under high temperature

High temperature during grain filling period has been reported to decrease the grain filling duration, leading to the lower grain weight and yield of rice. Two experiments in the phytotron and field were carried out to test the hypothesis that the leaf senescence of rice plants may determine the grain filling duration under high temperature. In the phytotron experiment in 2008, rice plants of a japonica cultivar “Ilpumbyeo” were subjected to three minimum/maximum (mean) temperature regimes of 11/19 (15), 17/25 (21), and 23/31 °C (27 °C). In the field experiment, rice seedlings of the same rice cultivar were transplanted on May 6th and June 19th in 2009 and the mean temperatures during the grain filling period were 24.4 and 21.9 °C, respectively. Both experiments revealed consistently that high temperature increased the rates of grain filling and leaf senescence while it reduced the durations of them. However, grain filling was terminated earlier than complete leaf senescence, the time gap being greater at higher temperature. In addition, the fraction of dry matter partitioning to the leaf sheath + culm resumed to increase following the termination of grain filling under high temperature, indicating that leaves were still maintaining photosynthetic capacity and supplying assimilates into the other plant tissues except grain even after the termination of grain filling. These findings suggest that an early termination of grain filling in temperate rice under high temperature was not resulted from the lack of assimilate owing to the early leaf senescence but from the loss of sink activity owing to the earlier senescence of panicle.     

乙矮合剂对不同密度夏玉米花粒期叶片氮素同化与早衰的影响

为探讨乙矮合剂调控夏玉米氮素同化和防止后期早衰的生理机制,为建立华北夏玉米区密植高产稳产化学调控技术提供理论依据,2013—2014年在中国农业科学院新乡试验站,以中单909和浚单20为材料,设置乙矮合剂(ECK)和密度梯度处理,研究密度梯度对花后玉米穗位叶氮同化特征和早衰的影响,以及ECK的化学调控效应。结果表明,灌浆期(花后0~40 d),穗位叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性随密度增加而显著下降;灌浆后期(花后30~40 d),谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性随种植密度增加而显著降低。穗位叶叶绿素相对含量、可溶性蛋白含量和游离氨基酸含量在灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)随种植密度增加而显著降低;两品种产量在7.5万株hm–2密度达最大值,7.5~10.5万株hm–2密度群体产量下降,高密群体易发生早衰。ECK处理显著提高了各密度群体灌浆中后期(花后20~40 d)穗位叶NR活性、GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量和叶绿素含量;显著提高了高密群体(7.5~10.5万株hm–2)GOT活性和GPT活性;较高密群体下(7.5~10.5万株hm–2),中单909和浚单20较各自对照的增产幅度分别为5.59%~6.63%和6.73%~8.10%。ECK处理提高了高密群体夏玉米穗位叶片氮代谢关键酶活性及其产物含量,保证密植群体氮代谢正常进行,有效防止早衰及提高产量。综上所述,采用合理的种植密度并结合喷施乙矮合剂可作为华北夏玉米区高产栽培的重要技术措施。     

果实软化衰老的生理生化机制

根据国内外有关果树果实软化衰老的研究现状，从细胞壁结构的变化，内容物含量的改变以及烯生物合成作用等３个方面综述了果实软化衰老的生理生化机制。     

Photosynthesis,Chlorophylls, and SPAD Readings in Coffee Leaves in Relation to Nitrogen Supply

The export of nitrogen (N) from senescent plant parts is important for the efficient use of this macronutrient. The objective of this study was to establish correlations among the photosynthetic pigment content, total N, and the photosynthetic variables with the SPAD‐502 readings in Coffea arabica leaves. Correlations were established among the chlorophyll content, N content, and chlorophyll a and b with SPAD‐502 readings taken on coffee leaves at different months. The results show that all variables decreased with time. However, correlation increased linearly with N doses. Total chlorophyll presented a direct linear correlation with readings of the portable chlorophyll meter. The SPAD readings have shown to be a good tool to diagnose the integrity of the photosynthetic system in coffee leaves. Thus, the portable chlorophyll SPAD‐502 instrument can be used to evaluate the N status and can also help to evaluate the photosynthetic process in coffee plants.     

钴离子(Co~(2 ))对月季鲜切花生理结构的影响

在实验室常温条件下，将月季（ＲｏｓａＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｊａｃｑ．）鲜切花品种“萨蒙莎”置于２％蔗糖和不同浓度ＣｏＣｌ２溶液进行瓶插培养．在有蔗糖提供营养的基础上，Ｃｏ２＋可以延缓细胞膜差别透性的降低，抑制月季茎切口端和培养液微生物特别是真菌的生长，并能维持茎中央薄壁细胞和花瓣表面乳突状细胞的完整性，减少“弯颈”现象的发生．     

紫花含笑开花进程中花被生理生化与色素变化

紫花含笑(Michelia crassipes)为木兰科含笑属唯一开紫色花的植物,其花色和观赏期受开花进程影响。本研究以紫花含笑花被为试材,通过测定自然花期过程中花被各项生理指标及色素质量分数,利用主成分分析法筛选出花被片衰老生理的主要影响因子,探讨开花进程中生理生化与色素变化对花被衰老的作用机理。结果表明:丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、叶绿素质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数、花青素质量分数、类胡萝卜素质量分数、游离脯氨酸质量分数和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性8个参数可作为反映花被衰老的有效生理指标。初步认为,活性氧自由基积累是引起紫花含笑花被发生生理衰老的重要原因,可溶性蛋白质量分数增加与花青素质量分数降解是影响花衰老进程的主要生理因子。