锯末基质中氮磷钾施用量与番茄幼苗生长的关系

研究了以V(锯末)∶V(蛭石)∶V(煤灰)=6∶2∶2为基质培育番茄幼苗时,基质中氮磷钾施用量与幼苗生长的关系.结果表明,氮、磷和氮磷互作对幼苗生长影响较大,在试验范围内,幼苗生长随氮磷施用量的增加而增加,成直线关系,幼苗各指标在尿素2 4kg·m-3,过磷酸钙29 5kg·m-3时达最大值.氮磷互作对幼苗生长也有促进效应,但磷对幼苗生长的效应取决于氮的水平.低氮时,幼苗生长随磷施用量的增加而减弱;高氮时,磷对幼苗生长则有促进作用.钾对幼苗的生长没有影响,所有偏回归系数均不显著.因此,在以该基质培育番茄苗时,可用氮磷复合肥液替代完全营养液.     

铝锰复合氧化物负载锯末对氟的吸附效能研究

【目的】研究铝锰复合氧化物负载锯末对F~-的吸附效果,为促进农业废弃物的资源化利用提供参考。【方法】通过氧化还原-共沉淀法制备铝锰复合氧化物负载锯末(AMOCS),采用静态吸附试验和动态吸附试验批处理法,探究AMOCS去除F~-的吸附动力学和吸附等温线特征,并讨论pH(3～10)和共存阴离子(Cl~-,CO_3~(2-),SO_4~(2-),SiO_3~(2-),PO_4~(3-))对F~-吸附效果的影响。【结果】当AMOCS投加量为0.3～3g/L时,F~-去除率随着AMOCS投加量的增加而升高;当AMOCS投加量高于3g/L后,继续增大AMOCS投加量,F~-去除率增加幅度不明显。AMOCS对F~-的吸附过程可用Langmuir等温线方程拟合,且拟合结果显示,AMOCS对F~-的最大吸附量可达35.698mg/g。AMOCS吸附F~-的适宜pH为5～8,pH5和pH8时,F~-吸附均会受到明显抑制。CO_3~(2-)、Cl~-对AMOCS吸附F~-没有明显的抑制作用,而SO_4~(2-)、PO_4~(3-)、SiO_3~(2-)对AMOCS吸附F~-的抑制作用较强,且抑制作用随阴离子浓度的升高而加剧。动态吸附试验中,吸附柱的穿透时间和吸附剂饱和时穿透时间均随着空床接触时间的增加而增大。【结论】与锯末相比,AMOCS对F~-的吸附作用有明显提高。     

对辊柱塞式成型机成型参数优化

为寻求对辊柱塞式成型机锯末制粒时的最优成型参数,探索成型参数对成型结果的影响规律,以锯末含水率、成型模具长径比和主轴转速为试验因素,以成型颗粒密度和成型机生产率为试验指标,基于Design-Expert BBD(Box-Behnken Design)试验设计方法对试验数据进行了处理和分析,建立了试验因素对试验指标的回归方程。结果表明:对辊柱塞式成型机采用锯末为原料制粒时,最优成型参数为:含水率15.5%、成型模具长径比5.3、主轴转速47.25 r/min。在此条件下,成型颗粒密度和成型机生产率分别可达到1.17 g/cm3、75 kg/h;各试验因素对成型颗粒密度的贡献率从大到小依次为:成型模具长径比、主轴转速、含水率,各试验因素对成型机生产率的贡献率从大到小依次为:含水率、成型模具长径比、主轴转速;成型颗粒密度试验值与预测值最大相对误差为0.426%,成型机生产率最大相对误差为2.733%,吻合程度较高。     

Effects of organic wastes,Glomus intraradices andPseudomonas putida on the growth of tomato and on the reproduction of the Root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita

Effects of organic wastes (biosolids, horse manure, sawdust and neem leaf litter [NLL]), an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungusGlomus intraradices, and a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteriumPseudomonas putida, were studied on the growth of tomato and on the reproduction ofMeloidogvne incognita. Pseudomonas putida andG. intraradices promoted tomato growth in nematode-infected and nematode-free plants but growth promotion was higher in the infected ones. WhenP. putida andG. intraradices were applied together, the increase in tomato growth was greater than when either agent was applied alone. Of the organic wastes, NLL was better in improving tomato growth of nematode-infected plants followed by biosolids, horse manure and sawdust. Combined use of NLL withP. putida plusG. intraradices was best in improving growth of the infected plants. Root colonization byP. putida was increased more when inoculated withG. intraradices than when inoculated singly. Of the organic wastes, use of sawdust withP. putida caused a greater increase in root colonization by fluorescent pseudomonads followed by NLL, horse manure and biosolids. Nematode parasitism had an adverse effect on root colonization byP. putida. Inoculation ofP. putida and organic wastes increased the root colonization caused by the AM fungus.P. putida was better in reducing galling and nematode multiplication thanG. intraradices, whereas use of the two together was better than that of either of them alone. Among organic wastes, NLL was better in reducing galling and nematode multiplication followed by biosolids, horse manure and sawdust. Combined use of NLL withP. putida plusG. intraradices was better in reducing galling and nematode multiplication than any other treatment.     

灵芝人工高产代料捆绑式栽培技术研究

用桦木木屑代料栽培灵芝,菌丝长满后,采用栽培袋脱袋、无纺布捆绑、埋土出芝的方式,可获得高产和大型灵芝。与段木栽培灵芝相比,该方式成本低、有利于环保,产量已接近或超过段木栽培灵芝。     

微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭工艺研究

采用正交试验,研究以竹屑废料为原料,用微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭的可行性,探讨微波功率、活化时间、浸渍时间及氯化锌浓度对活性炭产品碘吸附值、得率的影响。结果表明,微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭的最佳工艺为:微波功率1 000 W、活化时间50 min、氯化锌浓度50%、浸渍时间48 h。用此工艺制得的活性炭碘吸附值1070.3mg.g-1,得率达到32.3%。结果表明:微波加热比传统方法缩短活化时间,产品性能高于国家标准。     

松木屑代料栽培黑木耳初探

采用试管培养法进行松木屑拟菌效果的研究。结果表明,松木屑经自然堆积8个月后,最多可在培养料中添加60%,不明显影响产量满袋时间为58 d,袋单产量42g;碱处理法菌丝生长较好,出耳快,产量与自然堆积法相近。     

冷态鼓泡流化床中木屑流化速度的研究

冷态条件下,在鼓泡流化床中采用木屑为原料,分布板在 2%～4% 不同开孔率的条件下,分别考察了原料粒径和床层高度对木屑流化速度的影响.得出结论:分布板压降和流速成二次函数关系;以木屑为原料,分布板开孔率和床层高度对临界液化速度的影响不大,粒径分布对临界流化速度随粒径的增大而增加.     

河南省代料香菇秋栽生产技术规程

规范了河南省范围内代料香菇秋栽的栽培环境与设备、菌种制作、料棒生产、接种、发菌管理、促熟与转色、出菇管理、采收与加工、杂菌防控等技术规程。