Tuberculin reactions in bulls and boars sensitized with atypical Mycobacteria from sawdust.

Due to a planned export from a combined bull and boar station, more than 70 boars and 100 bulls were examined by tuberculin tests. Distinct reactions to avian tuberculin appeared in about half of the animals. Many of them also reacted to bovine tuberculin. For diagnostic purposes, many of the reactors were slaughtered, and samples from these and from the environment were examined bacteriologically. Strains of Mycobacterium avium were isolated from only 2 out of 14 reacting boars and from none of the 23 reacting bulls. No isolation of Mycobacterium bovis was made. However, atypical mycobacterial strains, classified as Runyon Group III and IV, were isolated from 3 boars, 2 bulls, 1 pigeon and from many samples of sawdust. The isolation of identical fast-growing mycobacterial strains from the sawdust used in the pens for the reacting boars and bulls, was especially remarkable. The strains differed enzymatically and biochemically from those isolated from other sources. This indicated a possible sensitization of the animals with similar mycobacterial strains. Possible cross-reactions to avian and bovine tuberculin were investigated in tuberculin assays with guniea pigs and pigs sensitized to one of the mycobacterial strains isolated. Distinct reactions to both avian and bovine tuberculin appeared in all the animals. From these results it was concluded that the tuberculin reactions in the boars and the bulls were not due to any tuberculous infection in the herd, but to a sensitization of the animals with atypical mycobacteria.     

香菇优质高效节木栽培技术

为节省香菇生产对阔叶树资源的消耗,按照“节木、优质、高产、高效”的目标,通过对代料香菇栽培模式、菌棒制作工艺、主料、辅料、品种选择及生育因子控制等整个过程试验研究,系统地总结出一整套香菇优质高效节木栽培技术,使阔叶树木屑节省50%-67%,菌棒成品率达95%以上,比常规香菇生产技术提高了12%-20%,灭菌燃料减少50%以上,且所产香菇畸形菇大大减少,符合出口标准的优质香菇比例增加20%以上,菇木固型性提高、烂筒发生少。     

伤流等指标评价在尾叶桉容器苗质量中的应用

测定了不同基质的尾叶桉容器苗的伤流、叶绿素含量、苗高、生物量、高径比等指标．结果表明：伤流的测定值和苗木的其它常用指标相一致；生长状况好的苗木伤流量大．表明伤流用于评价尾叶桉苗木的生活力．选择适合的容器育苗基质是可行的；同时选出了以蔗渣和木屑为主要原料的尾叶桉容器苗优良育苗基质及其处理方法．     

超声波-微波对杉木锯屑液化的强化效应研究

以正辛醇为溶剂、浓硫酸为催化剂,探讨了超声波-微波（UW-MW）辅助对杉木锯屑液化的强化作用,考察了工艺参数的影响,并对液化产物进行了表征分析。研究结果表明：超声波-微波具有很好的传质传热强化效应,与传统液化相比,杉木锯屑超声波-微波辅助液化反应时间从60 min缩短至20 min,液化率提高了5.24%。在溶剂与锯屑质量比值6、催化剂H₂SO₄浓度0.6 mol/L时,杉木锯屑液化率达到64.30%;适当添加γ-戊内酯可提高液化率,γ-戊内酯用量40%时液化率达81.17%。液化过程中,少量熔融状物质沉积在残渣（SR）表面,阻碍了原料的进一步液化;纤维素与半纤维素的降解产物主要为小分子糖类等物质,富集在水相产物（WS）中;木质素的降解产物主要由芳香族等物质组成,分布在生物油（BO）产物中。     

木屑炭化物制备工艺研究

采用杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）屑为原料制备木屑炭化物,通过正交试验研究炭化温度、炭化时间及原料含水率对木屑炭化得率及炭化物理化特性的影响。结果表明：炭化温度对木屑炭挥发分含量、灰分含量、固定碳含量和热值的影响达极显著水平,原料含水率对木屑炭挥发分含量的影响呈显著水平;木屑炭化物的最佳炭化工艺条件为炭化温度450℃、炭化时间2.5 h、原料含水率高（即31.26%以上）,制备的木屑炭化物挥发分含量19.62%、灰分含量4.15%、固定碳含量76.23%、pH值9.46、吸光度0.2510、热值31550 J/g,炭化得率可达32.11%。     

环氧氯丙烷改性木屑对染料脱色性能的研究

以白松木屑为原料,经环氧氯丙烷在碱性条件下改性处理制备新型吸附剂。通过正交试验,测定其对孔雀石绿的吸附性能,确定制备改性木屑的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,原料粒径对吸附能力的影响最大,其次为催化剂浓度、改性温度,影响最小的是改性剂用量,最佳改性条件为:原料粒径60~80目,环氧氯丙烷用量20 mL,氢氧化钠浓度0.5 mol/L、用量100 mL,改性温度50℃。改性木屑处理染料废水对扩展木材加工剩余物利用途径、以废治废具有重要的实际意义。     

磷酸法竹质颗粒活性炭的制备研究

以竹屑为原料,采用磷酸法活化,制得了中微孔发达的颗粒活性炭:A法焦糖脱色率70%,亚甲基蓝吸附值210mg/g,碘吸附值1100mg/g以上,丁烷工作容量132g/L,强度95%以上。其孔分布以中微孔为主(Rn<2.6nm),达到了86.3%。适合于液体脱色精制和汽油蒸气的回收之用。对制备过程中捏合温度和时间、捏合过程中有无空气参与反应以及活化温度等工艺对颗粒活性炭性能的影响进行了研究考察,发现捏合过程中空气参与反应有利于造就发达的中微孔结构,活化温度的提高(>500℃)使得孔分布向着微孔方向发展。并通过改进捏合工艺和添加催化剂,使得颗粒活性炭的性能和表观光洁度得到提高。     

竹屑与麦麸堆肥用作大球盖菇栽培基质的适宜配比研究

为探讨竹材废弃物的基质化利用技术,将竹屑与麦麸按不同质量混配,依麦麸添加量(质量分数)设置4个处理(CK,0;T1,4%;T2,8%;T3,16%),研究堆肥前后理化性质的变化,及其作为大球盖菇栽培基质的可行性。结果表明,堆肥后,T1~T3处理的容重、电导率显著(P<0.05)增加,通气孔隙度、气水比、纤维素含量、木质素含量显著(P<0.05)下降。在0~8%范围内,随着麦麸添加量的增加,竹屑腐熟效果变好,但当麦麸添加量过高时,会延长发酵腐熟的时间。T2处理下,堆体发酵的高温期持续时间为10 d,发酵后种子发芽指数达到81.73%,大球盖菇菌丝生长势最佳,生长速度达到0.394 mm·d^-1。据此建议在竹屑堆肥时添加8%的麦麸,以利于发酵腐熟,且腐熟的产品可作为大球盖菇等适应较高C/N食用菌的基质使用。