Risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil

From September 1995 to February 2001, blood samples were collected from 865 neotropical felids belonging to 8 different species. These animals were housed in 86 institutions located in 78 cities of 20 Brazilian states. Our goal was to identify the risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Toxoplasma gondii in captive neotropical felids from Brazil. All serum samples were tested by the modified agglutination test (MAT), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. For each animal an individual questionnaire was filled with questions about tattoo number, felid species, age, sex, origin, number of animals in the group, introduction of new animals in the group, time in the institution, eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days in the last 6 months, eating meat of run-over or euthanized animals in the last 6 months, predation of rodents or birds in the last 6 months and presence of domestic cats near the enclosures in the last 6 months. The total sero-prevalence was 55% (95% CI: 52%, 57%). We estimated a prevalence of 46% (95% CI: 40%, 54%) for jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi); 58% (95% CI: 53%, 63%) for ocelot (Leopardus pardalis); 50% (95% CI: 45%, 56%) for oncilla (L. tigrinus); 54% (95% CI: 46%, 62%) for margay (L. wiedii); 12% (95% CI: 4%, 31%) for Pampas-cat (L. colocolo); 83% (95% CI: 65%, 93%) for Geoffroy's-cat (L. geoffroyi); 64% (95% CI: 50%, 68%) for jaguar (Panthera onca) and 48% (95% CI: 42%, 54%) for puma (Puma concolor). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the variables in the questionnaire and sero-positivity to T. gondii. We concluded that the independent risk factors for toxoplasmosis were: age >3 years (OR = 4.75 [2.75; 8.2]), eating meat previously frozen for a period <7 days (OR = 2.23 [1.24; 4.01]), and consumption of animals that were run-over or euthanized (OR = 1.64; [1.14; 2.37]).     

关于做好农业和农村节水工作的几点思考

农业用水占我国用水总量的 70 % ,开展和推进农业节水 ,是建立节水型社会的关键 ,也是实现我国水资源可持续利用的内在要求。要做好农业和农村节水工作 ,应当十分重视“预测预报、水资源保障、城乡供水、水污染防治、防洪减灾、计量监测、技术推广、投融资、抗旱服务、政策法规”等十大体系的建立和建设     

地表多水门管道畦灌试验研究

多水门管道灌溉是采用多水口管道替代水沟的一种地表灌溉方式。１９９３至１９９５年试验结果表明，多水门管道灌溉和传统水沟灌溉相比，具有节水、节能、改善灌水分布均匀度，提高灌溉质量，缩短灌溉时间和扩大作物种植面积等优点     

Optimum Planting System for Energy Saving and Healthy Demanded

It is proved that planting is effective to improve environment both indoor and outdoor resulted from the functions of plants to clean air and save energy. So the contradiction between saving energy and comfort,healthy demanded by people can be solved by planting. The planting have being emphasized and expanded during recent years,but in the planting plan,just the function of beautifying the environment is concerned and the function of ecological and saving energy are neglected. The analysis on the ooptimum system of planting is to make the planting system as an organic composition in the effectiveness structure and space layout of the city. Based on the study on equivalent relation of different effects on environment, the optimum system of planting structure will be determined in order to achieve the integrated effects of planting on environment.     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

液压自由活塞发动机的节能方式研究

液压自由活塞发动机是将内燃机和液压泵集成于一体，实现动力非刚性传输的复合发动机。本文从其内部能量转换及外部能量回收两个方面，详细地分析和阐明了液压自由活塞发动机各种节能方式和实现途径，以液压挖掘机为例，强调液压自由活塞发动机作为中心液压站，结合二次调节及液压变压器技术，简单方便地实现群控节能。     

发展山园瓯柑节水喷灌机械配套节本增效技术

随着我国综合国力的稳步发展,城乡人民的生活水平也不断提高,发展瓯柑种植面积和提高产量,改善瓯柑品质,是人们物质生活的需要,也是我国新形势下农业产业结构调整的发展趋势,并带动山区农民共同致富,利国又利民。本文就温州地区发展山园瓯柑节水喷灌机械配套节本增效技术进行叙述,对于推广应用具有重要的现实意义。     

云南省机械化节水农业技术发展探讨

分析了云南省的水资源情况及机械化节水农业的特点，提出其机械化节水农业发展的相应对策、技术措施及发展思路。     

节水灌溉对水稻钾素营养的影响

研究了节水灌溉条件下、不同施肥制度水稻植树对钾的吸收状况。结果表明：灌溉方式和施肥制度对水稻钾的吸收状况均不会造成极显著的影响。节水灌溉能显著提高水稻植株含钾量。     

依靠农民全面开展节水灌溉

缺水是世界普遍现象，节水是长期战略措施。开发农业节水，一方面要改善灌溉系统的基础设施，推广节水新技术，另一方面应应该吸收农民参与灌溉管理，充分发挥农民的积极性。农民参与灌溉管理是必然的趋势，也是农业节水最有效的措施之一。