动物饲料与胃肠道微生物区系:胃肠道微生物区系的营养生态学

本文主要就我们近年来应用PCR为主的核糖体RNA基因方法对不同生态环境下微生物多样性的新研究及新菌种的鉴定以及这些微生物体外发酵特性等方面研究结果及进展情况作了介绍 ,同时对关于胃肠道真菌的研究也作了概述。     

运用Cytb 和12s rRNA 基因鉴别梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)和马鹿(Cervus elaphus)的研究

本研究介绍了运用细胞色素b基因和12s核糖体RNA基因部分序列的系统学和核甘酸距离分析来鉴别降解的梅花鹿和马鹿样品。采用PCR和直接测序技术获得了8份嫌疑样品402bp细胞色素b基因序列,并与来自GenBank数据库27份同源的细胞色素b基因序列进行比对。3份嫌疑样品与梅花鹿的核甘酸距离值相同(0.026±0.006),小于梅花鹿与东部马鹿间最小的核甘酸距离值(0.036)。并且梅花鹿和马鹿的系统学分析表明这些样品与梅花鹿聚为一枝,因此可以推测它们来源于梅花鹿。同样的方法得出另3份嫌疑样品来源于马鹿。该结果被387bp12s核糖体RNA基因序列的系统学和核甘酸距离分析进一步证实。该方法是有效的,花费的时间少,能帮助减少同类野生动物案件的发生。图2表1参13。     

楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列的特征分析

楔形前殖吸虫(Prosthogonimus cuneatus)是禽类和鸟类输卵管、法氏囊和直肠常见的寄生虫之一,对禽和鸟类危害较大.利用PCR对楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列进行了扩增,并探讨了其与其他吸虫的进化关系.结果发现,楔形前殖吸虫核糖体全序列长10 713 bp,其中18S、ITS1、5.8S、ITS2、28S、I...     

Molecular characterization of Endothia gyrosa isolates from Eucalyptus in South Africa and Australia

Endothia gyrosa is a canker pathogen best known as the causal agent of pin oak blight in North America, and causes cankers on other woody hosts such as Castanea spp. and Liquidambar spp. In South Africa, Australia and Tasmania, a fungus identified as E. gyrosa has been recorded on Eucalyptus spp. Some morphological differences exist between the North American fungus and the isolates from Eucalyptus . Phylogenetic relationships between E. gyrosa from North America and E. gyrosa from South Africa and Australia, as well as that of the related fungi Cryphonectria parasitica and C. cubensis , were studied using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA operon. Endothia gyrosa isolates from South Africa produced the same RFLP banding patterns as those from Australia, which differed markedly from North American isolates of E. gyrosa . In a phylogram based on the DNA sequences, the Australian and South African isolates of E. gyrosa resided in a single, well resolved clade, distinct from North American isolates. Isolates of C. parasitica grouped in the same clade as the South African and Australian isolates of E. gyrosa , but C. cubensis was distantly related to them. The molecular data suggest that the E. gyrosa isolates from South Africa and Australia represent a distinct taxon, and probably belong to the genus Cryphonectria .     

Molecular diagnostics of some trichodorid nematodes and associated Tobacco rattle virus

Several Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus (trichodorid) nematode species are natural vectors of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and cause economically important diseases, especially in potato and ornamental bulbous crops. Identification of trichodorid species based on morphological characters is laborious, time-consuming, and requires the services of highly trained personnel. Molecular diagnostics for trichodorid nematodes, using the ribosomal DNA repeat unit, were successfully developed to distinguish two Paratrichodorus and two Trichodorus species. The complete sequences of the 18S genes and the ITS-1 regions for these species were obtained and species-specific primers successfully designed for them. An RT-PCR assay was developed utilizing isolate-specific primers that amplify serologically distinguishable strains of TRV in individual trichodorid nematodes. The primers were based on the highly conserved RNA-1 segment of the bipartite genome and also on different parts of the RNA-2 segment of the virus genome.     

云南泡桐丛枝病植原体核糖体蛋白基因片段序列分析

 应用植原体核糖体蛋白基因通用引物对rpF1/rpR1,对采自云南省曲靖市的泡桐丛枝病植原体DNA (PaWB-QJ)进行PCR扩增,得到1.3 kb的特异片段,证明此病株中存在植原体。将此片段与pGEM-T Easy载体连接并转化大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞,进行PCR鉴定、核糖体蛋白基因部分核苷酸序列测定及分析。结果表明,该株系(PaWB-QJ)核糖体蛋白基因片段长1 244 bp,包含rps19、rpl22和rps3基因。对PaWB-QJ株系的核糖体蛋白基因序列的同源性比较结果显示与16S rI-B亚组的翠菊黄化(Aster yellows,AY)、长春花黄化(Periwinkle yellows,PY)和泡桐丛枝德国株系(Paulownia witches'-broom,PaWB-German)的亲缘关系最近,达到99.0%以上,而与其它组中的株系明显低于97.0%,所以认为该植原体株系属于翠菊黄化组B亚组(16SrI-B)。     

Development of Specific PCR Primers for Identification and Detection of Rhizopycnis vagum

Rhizopycnis vagum is a recently described coelomycete known to belong to the complex of root rot pathogens contributing to vine decline of cucurbits in several parts of the world. However, the fungus has also been reported to infect tomato, and as an endophytic associate of mycorrhizal roots of wild, asymptomatic Pinus halepensis and Rosmarinus officinalis plants in Italy. To accelerate epidemiological and ecological investigations on this fungus, a PCR primer pair was developed. Primers Rv1-F and Rv1-R were designed, based on alignment of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), which amplified a 396-bp fragment from all R. vagum isolates tested, including isolates pathogenic to melons and endophytic isolates from mycorrhizae. Specificity of the primer pair was verified both in silico (BLAST searches using each primer string as a query) and in PCR assays, where the primers failed to amplify DNA from any isolate of fungi taxonomically related to R. vagum (e.g. Massarina walkeri and Stagonospora spp.) and other vine decline and common soilborne pathogens (e.g. Monasporascus cannonballus, Acremonium cucurbitacearum, Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani). Under optimum conditions, detectable amplification of the specific sequence required 0.05 pg of target DNA. Amplification of the expected 369-bp fragment was also obtained from DNA root extracts of nearly asymptomatic Cucumis melo plants inoculated with R. vagum under greenhouse conditions.     

水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV)S3和S10基因组非编码区对翻译的调控作用

 水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, RBSDV)基因组含有5′帽子,无3′poly(A)尾巴,且不同基因组片段的5′和3′末端序列均十分保守。本研究以RBSDV S3和S10为对象,分析其非编码区对翻译的调控作用。研究发现S3和S10的5′UTR在有无帽子时均可以正向调控报告基因Fluc的翻译,具备核糖体内部进入位点(IRES)活性,且5′末端的基因组保守序列及邻近序列与IRES活性密切相关;而对应的3′UTR则抑制5′UTR对翻译的正调控效应,其分子基础是5′UTR和3′UTR之间的RNA-RNA互作,且该互作也抑制帽子依赖型翻译的效率。这是首次关于有帽子植物RNA病毒中IRES元件的报道,研究结果对了解植物双链RNA病毒基因组非编码区对翻译的调控作用具有重要科学意义。     

巴西橡胶树线粒体50S核糖体蛋白L21 cDNA的克隆与分析(英文)

[目的]在橡胶生产中,一种叫做"死皮"的生理综合症严重制约了橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)单产的提高。为揭示橡胶树"死皮"发生的分子机理,研究对一差异表达的HbmRPL21进行了克隆,并在此基础上对其进行深入的生物信息学分析。[方法]在早期构建的差减文库中,筛选到一条在死皮植株中下调表达的基因片段,该片段编码的蛋白与线粒体50S核糖体蛋白L21(mRPL21)同源。通过ESTs序列拼接和RT-PCR,获得一条853bp的cDNA序列(命名为HbmRPL21,GenBank登录号为HM800425),该序列包含一个完整的开放读码框。[结果]信息分析表明,HbmRPL21编码271个氨基酸,理论分子量为30.52kD,等电点为8.40,HbmRPL21是一个包含Ribosomal_L21p保守结构域的线粒体定位蛋白。进化分析表明,植物和动物界间mRPL21序列差异很大,而植物界内则相对比较保守。[结论]研究为下一步阐明HbmRPL21在橡胶树"死皮"中的生物学功能奠定了理论基础。     

巴西橡胶树核糖体蛋白S5基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

核糖体蛋白S5是核糖体蛋白家族的重要成员,在核糖体中发挥重要作用.利用本实验室获得的部分序列设计引物,采用3'-RACE技术从巴西橡胶树胶乳中获得一个核糖体蛋白S5基因的完整阅读框,该基因编码209个氨基酸的多肽,含有一个典型的真核生物核糖体蛋白S5结构域.在HbRPS5氨基酸序列中没有预测到跨膜区和信号肽,二级结构分析表明HbRPS5属于混合型蛋白.对14个RPS5系统进化分析表明,巴西橡胶树的RPS5基因在进化上具有保守性,与植物类拟南芥的RPS5基因亲缘关系最近,而与人和酵母等亲缘关系相对较远.该基因的克隆和生物信息学分析为深入研究其功能奠定了基础.