近年来国内图书馆管理方法研究述评

本文对国内近年来图书馆管理的研究 ,给以介绍、总结和简要的评述。     

Present status of genetics of rust resistance in flax

Summary Present knowledge of host genes conferring resistance to rust in flax and their genetics are reviewed. There are at least 34 genes conferring resistance to rust occurring in seven groups, namely, K, L, M, N, P, D and Q. Expression of these host genes is affected by temperature, genetic background and by the inhibitor gene present in certain rust strains. Recombination analysis indicates that genes within each of the M and N groups are probably closely linked and that of the L group are genetically complex. When testcross progeny between two genes of the L group were screened, susceptible and modified recombinants were recovered. Some of these susceptible recombinants yielded rare resistant revertants in their progeny. Mechanism of such reversion is not defined but appears to follow a definite pattern. It is also indicated that some of the recombinants represent new specificity. A molecular approach of cloning host genes in flax is described.     

磷化氢杀虫机理研究综述

系统地综述了对储粮熏蒸剂磷化氢(PH3)的研究结果，从PH3的各种特性和杀虫机理两个方面入手，收集了各种研究试验结果。特性方面重点介绍PH3的物理、化学性质、对人的毒性、熏蒸后的残留与分解等知识。杀虫机理方面介绍了PH3进入昆虫体内的途径，PH3作用在害虫体内的耙标部位，研究结果表明，PH3作用于多种酶，但是，作用于各种酶分子上的靶标部位不详，对害虫的作用机理还未形成一致的结论。本文最后建议开展PH3与昆虫体内蛋白质二硫键的作用研究，希望揭示杀虫机理，供基层技术人员在实际熏蒸杀虫工作中参考。     

我国湿地保护法制建设的简要回顾与展望

回顾了我国湿地保护立法的2个阶段,总结了我国湿地保护法制建设的主要成就,分析了存在的主要问题。对出台一部国家级的湿地保护综合性立法、加大湿地保护综合协调和组织机构建设进行了展望。     

Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN.     

树木边材液流传输研究述评

结合作者的研究工作进展，对当前国内外有关树边材木水分传输机理的研究概况进行了述评，分析了树木水分传输驱动力的构成要素及内聚力学说对树木边材水分传输连续体合理解释，探讨了稳态流模型和非稳态模型在描述树木水分传输方面的效果，介绍了树木组织水容的概念及其在调控树木水分传输过程中的作用和意义，介绍了当前国内外导管空穴化和木质部栓塞研究概况、树木边材导管空穴化的发生机制及检测方法、树木输导组织栓塞对水分传输的影响及栓塞脆弱性评价等。     

林木昆虫演变为重大害虫的主要环境因子

综述了有关林木害虫产生的环境机制，主要包括大气污染、干旱、全球气候变化、外来有害生物的入侵、害虫自身生物学特性与森林经营模式的影响等，以便为害虫的综合防治提供基础理论资料。同时提出今后研究方向：树种、害虫、天敌和生存环境4者关系开展研究，特别调控森林生态系统的主体一植被的时空结构；同时协调运用与环境和其他有益物种的生存和发展和谐的各类措施，将害虫控制在不成灾水平，并在时空上达到可持续控制的效果。表2参33     

竹子生物技术育种研究进展

竹子组培是竹子育种的一个重要途径。研究人员对20余属70多个竹种开展了组织培养研究，阐明了外植体不同基因型、激素种类和浓度以及不同培养基成分对竹子组培中愈伤组织诱导形成和植株再生以及诱导生根效率的影响，并建立成熟的组织培养技术体系，为竹子育种工作奠定了坚实的基础。利用分子标记技术对竹子遗传分化开展研究是竹子育种研究的一个热点，近年来进展迅速。通过研究初步阐明了竹子的遗传变异，为竹种的育种和分类提供了理论依据。参44     

我国药用昆虫研究历史浅析

笔者通过对我国药用昆虫研究历史的总结分析,初步将其分为三个阶段:1.临床认识阶段(公元19世纪前):从临床医学角度及生药学角度观察记述了许多药用昆虫及其产品。2.全面认识阶段(1901-1980):科学命名法和现代化学分析方法引入药用昆虫的研究中;对古代虫药的考察纠正了过去的缪误,丰富了药用昆虫的种类;对药用昆虫的成分分析为进一步研究其药理、药性、扩展其用途奠定了基础。3.综合利用阶段(1981年后):研究论文数量骤然上升,目的明确,对象集中;资源挖掘、开发受到重视;新种类新作用不断发现。最后还讨论了药用昆虫研究中的问题及发展展望。     

Bias in Peer Review of Organic Farming Grant Applications

Peer reviews of 84 organic farming grant applications from Sweden were analyzed to determine whether the reviewers’ affiliation to one of two types of agriculture (i.e., organic and conventional) influenced their reviews. Fifteen reviewers were divided into three groups: (1) scientists with experience in organic farming research; (2) scientists with no experience in organic farming research; and (3) users of organic farming research. The two groups of scientists assessed the societal relevance and scientific quality of the grant applications based on three criteria (i.e., presentation, methodology, qualifications), whereas the user group only assessed societal relevance. The analysis showed that the two groups of scientists provided very different reviews. Scientist reviewers with experience in organic farming research agreed more with the user group on research relevance than did scientist reviewers without such experience, and the assessment of relevance was closely correlated to the assessment of scientific quality within both scientific groups. As both scientific groups did not clearly distinguish between societal relevance and scientific quality, the idea of an objective science is challenged. The contextual values associated with the norms of good agriculture were not clearly distinguished from the constitutive values of science associated with the traditional norms of good science. This raises the question of whether organic and conventional grant applications should be mixed for review regardless of the reviewers.