中国竹子多样性及其利用评述

本文评述我国竹子种类、群落、遗传和利用等4个方面多样性，并探讨竹类资源多样性利用存在的问题及对策，为我国竹类资源多样性开发利用提供依据。     

我国林业小型动力机械发展回顾与现状

林业小型动力机械是生产批量最大的林业机械产品,在林业生产中发挥着重要作用。介绍了林业小型动力机械所包含的产品类型、相关的协会和学会等组织机构及其在国内发展的历史和生产现状;指出了我国产品质量与先进国家之间的差距,以及科研和人才培养等方面存在的不足。     

A systematic review of the efficacy of prophylactic control measures for naturally-occurring canine leishmaniosis,part I: Vaccinations

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is an important zoonotic disease; however, the efficacy of available vaccines for the prevention of naturally-occurring Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) infection in dogs remains unclear.     

植物根际碳沉积计量研究的进展

植物-土壤之间的碳素流动是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要环节。总结了营养液培养法、同位素法和分子技术等现有根际碳沉积研究方法的优缺点,着重介绍了同位素计量法和C分配系数估算法两种植物根际碳沉积量的计量方法。但这些方法多数是在受控条件下对根际碳沉积量的计量,与原位条件下的根际碳沉积量有一定的差异,今后还需在研究方法的创新、根际碳沉积的变化动态评估以及植物根际碳沉积与环境因素的相关性等方面加大研究力度。     

真菌RNA沉默研究进展

阻抑(Quelling)与减数分裂沉默(Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA,MSUD)等真菌RNA沉默(RNA silencing)现象的研究拓展了我们当前对基因表达调控的认知。随着测序信息量的爆炸性增长与功能研究的不断深入,真菌RNA沉默展示出的复杂与多样为真核生物研究提供了全新的视角。本文就当前真菌RNA沉默及相关小分子RNA(Small RNA,sRNA)的研究现状做一简要概述。     

A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Phase I Inactivated Vaccines to Reduce Shedding of Coxiella burnetii From Sheep and Goats From Routes of Public Health Importance

Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in livestock are both caused by Coxiella burnetii. The public health importance of vaccination against C. burnetii shedding from sheep and goats was evaluated using systematic review and meta‐analysis to provide evidence for policy direction to prevent potential zoonotic spread. Publications reporting shedding of C. burnetii in vaginal and uterine secretions, milk, placenta and faeces were included. A single observational (one goat) and seven experimental (four goat and three sheep) vaccine studies were included in the review. No relevant publications on other interventions were identified. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for the risk of shedding in individuals in the control and vaccinated groups and for the mean difference in the level of bacterial shedding in sheep and goats stratified by age and previous exposure status. Limited data were available for further analytic evaluation. From the pooled analysis, an inactivated phase I vaccine significantly reduced the risk of shedding from uterine (RR = 0.10; 95%CI 0.05–0.20) secretions in previously sensitized goats. Individual studies reported significant risk reduction in milk (RR = 0.03; 95%CI 0.01–0.26), vaginal secretions (RR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.22–0.75) and faeces (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.63–0.97) from naïve goats. The pooled mean levels of bacteria shed from placental [mean difference (MD = ?5.24 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?6.75 to ?3.7)] and vaginal (MD = ?1.78 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?2.19 to ?1.38) routes were significantly decreased in vaccinated naïve goats compared with controls. Shedding through all other routes from vaccinated goats was not significantly different than shedding from control goats. No effect of vaccination was found on the risk of shedding or the mean level of shedding in vaccinated sheep compared with control sheep. Our conclusions are based on a limited amount of data with variable risk of systematic error.     

东北三省土壤风蚀天数时空变化及分区评述

基于东北三省1981−2017年气候资料,明确不同区域不同耕作阶段（全年、休耕期和播前1个月）不同等级日最大风速发生的变化规律;结合考虑降水影响下的起动风速指标,解析不同区域各阶段风蚀发生天数的时空规律,为各区域提出相适应的土壤保护耕作措施提供科学依据。结果表明：东北三省全年0−3级、4−6级和7级及以上日最大风速年均出现频率分别为48.5%、50.4%和1.1%,研究期内,全年、休耕期和播前1个月0−3级日最大风速出现频率均呈增加趋势,而4级及以上风速出现频率呈减少趋势。研究区域全年风蚀发生天数比例为35.0%,而播前一个月发生风蚀天数占该时期总天数的比例高于全年均值,达57.0%。大部分地区各个时期风蚀发生天数呈减少趋势。辽河平原区和三江平原区休耕期和播前1个月风蚀发生天数均较多,应重视风蚀对土壤的影响。松嫩平原区虽然休耕期土壤风蚀发生频率较低,但播前1个月风蚀发生较多,该区域应倡导免耕技术以降低土壤风蚀。     

园林景观的色彩设计研究

在园林景观设计中,色彩是其不可或缺的构成部分。在概述园林植物色彩基本知识及构成原则的基础上,分析目前园林景观色彩设计中存在的主要问题,探讨园林景观色彩设计的注意事项。     

国外贫困测度研究综述

贫困测度是研究贫困现象的重要依据。贫困测度首先涉及到如何划定贫困人群的问题,即如何划定贫困线。主要介绍了调查法、实证法、比较法和收入弹性法。贫困线划定后,贫困人群内部,贫困程度有所不同,这就涉及到贫困的测度。文中主要介绍了H指数、贫富差距和森指数。选取国外20世纪后半叶对这两方面问题的研究文献,指出研究的异同和不足,最后给出改进研究的建议。