Rootstock effects in grafted conifers: A review

The literature on rootstock effects (on scions) in conifers was reviewed, specifically: graft success, compatibility, size, reproduction, phenology, crown and needle characters, mineral contents, organic compounds, water relations, disease resistance and wood properties. Scions usually had higher graft success and less incompatibility on more closely related rootstocks although there were exceptions. Even intergeneric grafts have succeeded on occasion. Although there were marked rootstock effects on growth and reproduction, the effects did not follow a pattern with increasing relationship. It is also likely that some crown characters and the nutrient content of scions can be manipulated by the use of rootstocks. For many characters, a specific rootstock may give a desired result only for a limited number of scion types (species, cultivars or clones). With some exceptions, the review shows that the subject has not been comprehensively studied. Many of the studies were either short-term, inadequately replicated, or poorly designed to allow firm conclusions about rootstock effects. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms, which cause the changes seen in morphology, are not well understood. Further research and more comprehensive study of rootstock effects on scion biology are recommended.     

兜兰属植物研究现状

介绍兜兰属植物的研究现状,重点介绍其野生资源、栽培繁殖等.并对目前存在的问题,特别是杂交、繁育和可持续利用方面进行分析,指出兜兰属植物开发利用的方向.     

中国竹子多样性及其利用评述

本文评述我国竹子种类、群落、遗传和利用等4个方面多样性，并探讨竹类资源多样性利用存在的问题及对策，为我国竹类资源多样性开发利用提供依据。     

我国林业小型动力机械发展回顾与现状

林业小型动力机械是生产批量最大的林业机械产品,在林业生产中发挥着重要作用。介绍了林业小型动力机械所包含的产品类型、相关的协会和学会等组织机构及其在国内发展的历史和生产现状;指出了我国产品质量与先进国家之间的差距,以及科研和人才培养等方面存在的不足。     

木材初期腐朽研究综述

木材容易受到各种微生物的侵袭,真菌腐朽是导致木材破坏最严重的一种方式,即使是在木材质量损失率很小的腐朽初期,真菌也可以迅速引起木材结构的破坏,导致木材强度的急剧降低.生物培养和显微镜观察被认为是目前唯一权威的用来检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法,但这些方法很难对木材的初期腐朽进行快速、准确地评估.因此,寻找一种迅速、准确地检测和评估木材初期腐朽的方法倍受人们的关注.有关初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究在国外已有大量报道,而在我国却极为少见.本文综述了近几十年国内外有关木材初期腐朽及其检测与评估的研究,旨在增强人们对木材初期腐朽危害的认识,并呼吁有关部门重视相关研究在我国的发展.     

A systematic review of the efficacy of prophylactic control measures for naturally-occurring canine leishmaniosis,part I: Vaccinations

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is an important zoonotic disease; however, the efficacy of available vaccines for the prevention of naturally-occurring Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) infection in dogs remains unclear.     

植物根际碳沉积计量研究的进展

植物-土壤之间的碳素流动是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要环节。总结了营养液培养法、同位素法和分子技术等现有根际碳沉积研究方法的优缺点,着重介绍了同位素计量法和C分配系数估算法两种植物根际碳沉积量的计量方法。但这些方法多数是在受控条件下对根际碳沉积量的计量,与原位条件下的根际碳沉积量有一定的差异,今后还需在研究方法的创新、根际碳沉积的变化动态评估以及植物根际碳沉积与环境因素的相关性等方面加大研究力度。     

真菌RNA沉默研究进展

阻抑(Quelling)与减数分裂沉默(Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA,MSUD)等真菌RNA沉默(RNA silencing)现象的研究拓展了我们当前对基因表达调控的认知。随着测序信息量的爆炸性增长与功能研究的不断深入,真菌RNA沉默展示出的复杂与多样为真核生物研究提供了全新的视角。本文就当前真菌RNA沉默及相关小分子RNA(Small RNA,sRNA)的研究现状做一简要概述。     

A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Phase I Inactivated Vaccines to Reduce Shedding of Coxiella burnetii From Sheep and Goats From Routes of Public Health Importance

Q fever in humans and coxiellosis in livestock are both caused by Coxiella burnetii. The public health importance of vaccination against C. burnetii shedding from sheep and goats was evaluated using systematic review and meta‐analysis to provide evidence for policy direction to prevent potential zoonotic spread. Publications reporting shedding of C. burnetii in vaginal and uterine secretions, milk, placenta and faeces were included. A single observational (one goat) and seven experimental (four goat and three sheep) vaccine studies were included in the review. No relevant publications on other interventions were identified. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for the risk of shedding in individuals in the control and vaccinated groups and for the mean difference in the level of bacterial shedding in sheep and goats stratified by age and previous exposure status. Limited data were available for further analytic evaluation. From the pooled analysis, an inactivated phase I vaccine significantly reduced the risk of shedding from uterine (RR = 0.10; 95%CI 0.05–0.20) secretions in previously sensitized goats. Individual studies reported significant risk reduction in milk (RR = 0.03; 95%CI 0.01–0.26), vaginal secretions (RR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.22–0.75) and faeces (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.63–0.97) from naïve goats. The pooled mean levels of bacteria shed from placental [mean difference (MD = ?5.24 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?6.75 to ?3.7)] and vaginal (MD = ?1.78 Log₁₀; 95%CI ?2.19 to ?1.38) routes were significantly decreased in vaccinated naïve goats compared with controls. Shedding through all other routes from vaccinated goats was not significantly different than shedding from control goats. No effect of vaccination was found on the risk of shedding or the mean level of shedding in vaccinated sheep compared with control sheep. Our conclusions are based on a limited amount of data with variable risk of systematic error.