白藜芦醇对不同类型底物甲烷产生、养分降解及微生物区系的影响

本试验研究了白藜芦醇（RES）对两种类型底物瘤胃发酵的甲烷（CH₄）排放、养分降解以及微生物区系影响，旨在探索RES调控瘤胃发酵、降低CH₄排放的机理。本试验为双因素设计，选取3只健康、体重相近（（50±2.3） kg）且安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜寒杂交肉羊做为瘤胃液供体。试验一，在精粗比为68：32（高精料，HC）和28：72（高粗料，HF）的两种底物中分别添加0%（对照组）、7.7%、14.3%和25.0%的RES进行产气试验，并选取对照组和14.3%组进行16S扩增子高通量测序；试验二，在上述两种底物中分别添加0%、14.3%的RES进行降解率试验。以上试验处理均设置5个重复。试验结果如下：1）两种底物产气量（GP）和CH₄产量随RES水平的增加均线性降低（P<0.05）；在相同RES处理下，相较HC，HF中GP和CH₄产量均显著降低（P<0.05）；且两因素对两指标变化存在交互效应（P<0.05）。2）添加RES后两种底物干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）降解率均显著降低（P<0.05）；在相同RES处理下，相较HC，HF中各养分降解率均显著降低（P<0.05），且两因素对发酵24 h中性洗涤纤维降解率（NDFD）和酸性洗涤纤维降解率（ADFD）存在交互作用（P<0.05）。3）从门水平来看，两种底物中添加RES均引起变形菌门（Proteobacteria）丰度显著升高（P<0.05）；相较HC，HF的变形菌门丰度显著升高（P<0.05）。另外，在发酵第24小时，HF中添加RES添加导致互养菌门显著降低（P<0.05）；发酵第12小时，同一RES处理水平下，相较HC，HF中放线菌门丰度显著降低。从属水平来看，添加RES和改变底物类型均导致Prevotella_1（普雷沃氏菌_1）丰度大幅下降，且在HC （发酵12 h）、HF （发酵24 h）具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；添加RES变形菌门的优势菌属Ruminobacter和Succinivibrio均显著增加（P<0.05）。另外，发酵第12小时，在HF添加RES，Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group和Christensenellaceae_R-7_group丰度均显著上升（P<0.05）；相较HC，HF中Prevotellaceae_UCG-001、Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group和Christensenellaceae_R-7_group丰度显著降低（P<0.05）。在发酵第24小时，在HF中添加RES 导致Veillonellaceae_UCG-001和Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group丰度显著降低（P<0.05），Prevotellaceae_UCG-001、Phocaeicola、Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group、Succiniclasticum、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group和Ruminobacter丰度显著升高（P<0.05）；且两因素对普雷沃氏菌_1、Succiniclasticum、Veillonellaceae_UCG-001和Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group的丰度变化存在互作效应（P<0.05）。此结果说明，添加高水平的RES可以有效降低瘤胃环境CH₄的排放量，但是抑制了各养分在瘤胃中的降解，这可能与瘤胃菌群中普雷沃氏菌_1的大幅度下降有关。     

培养基成分对葡萄愈伤组织生长和白藜芦醇含量的影响

以巨峰葡萄果皮愈伤组织为试材,利用不同成分的B5继代培养基对其进行诱导,测定愈伤组织生长量及白藜芦醇含量。结果表明:5%蔗糖有利于愈伤组织的生长及白藜芦醇含量的积累;NO3-/NH4+比例过高或过低均不利于愈伤组织的生长及白藜芦醇含量的积累,二者比例为2∶1时效果最佳;添加5 mg/L NAA与0.7 mg/L6-BA有利于愈伤组织的生长及白藜芦醇含量的积累。在最适宜培养基条件下,愈伤组织的生长量为56.12 g/L,白藜芦醇为464.520μg/g,白藜芦醇总含量为23.312 mg/L。白藜芦醇的含量和产量分别是对照的2.6倍和2.9倍。     

白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制及应用的研究进展

近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。     

Response of health-promoting bioactive compounds and related enzyme activities of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to deficit irrigation in greenhouse

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) containsabundant secondary metabolites that are beneficial to humanhealth. Previous studies reported that deficit irrigation alters fruitcomposition, however, the mechanisms underlying the responseof health-promoting bioactive compounds to deficit irrigation indifferent phenological stages and those of associated metabolismrelatedenzymes remain unclear. Continual maintain irrigation (CI),deficit irrigation throughout growth seasons (DI), deficit irrigationbefore (ED) and after (LD) fruit set were performed for investigatingthe response of bioactive compounds and related enzyme activitiesin grape berries to deficit irrigation. Resveratrol, anthocyanins,phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in grape berries were increase in DI, ED and LD treatments,whereas proanthocyanidins and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) weresignificantly increased in CI treatment. Significant differenceswere observed between the groups with respect to resveratrol,anthocyanins and PAL activity. Grapevine evapotranspirationwere decreased in ED and LD treatments, with water useefficiency increased. Principal component analysis showed a clearseparation among four treatments, and the LD had the highesttotal membership function value. Changes of bioactive compoundscontent can be attributed to PAL activity. Deficit irrigation after fruitset can promote the production of functional and superior qualitytable grape in greenhouse.     

微波程序控温控压辅助双水相萃取虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素的研究

以虎杖果实为原料,采用微波程序控温控压辅助乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取白藜芦醇与大黄素,对比了该方法与微波辅助提取、微波辅助双水相萃取对提取得率和纯度的影响,并进一步通过红外光谱分析产物结构。结果表明:料液比1∶20(g∶m L)、相分离系数0.5的乙醇-(NH4)2SO4双水相体系,程序控温分为5级,依次为室温、40、50、60和70℃,对应控压为137.9、344.75、689.5、1 034.25、1 379 k Pa,每级微波辐射1.2 min后间歇5 min,进行微波功率自动连续调整,在此条件下虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素得率为0.694%与2.067%,纯度分别为82.68%与87.25%,提取效果明显优于微波辅助提取和微波辅助双水相萃取,且不会引起生物活性物质失活或变性。该方法能显著提高虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素提取得率,稳定性好、重复性好、精密度高、回收率高,同时又能简化其分离纯化工艺,降低生产成本,因此该方法适合用于虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素的提取分离。     

白藜芦醇对玉米赤霉烯酮致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤及炎症的保护作用

为探究白藜芦醇（RSV）对玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）中毒小鼠肝脏损伤是否具有保护作用,试验将40只清洁级雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组：对照组（生理盐水）、ZEA组（40 mg/kg）、不同浓度的RSV （50、100或200 mg/kg）与ZEA （40 mg/kg）共处理组,每组8只,各组均灌胃给药,试验期12 d。试验结束后采集小鼠肝脏样品,计算肝脏系数,采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色和免疫组织化学染色法观察各组肝脏病理变化;检测肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达;比色法检测肝脏组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和IL-1β含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组小鼠肝组织发生明显病理学变化;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组小鼠肝脏组织病理学变化都有所减轻。免疫组织化学结果显示,与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达增多;与ZEA组相比,不同浓度的RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏NF-κB蛋白表达均有下降。与对照组相比,ZEA组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肝脏组织SOD和CAT活性显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性,IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β含量均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与ZEA组相比,不同浓度RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织CAT活性显著或极显著升高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,血清中AST、ALT和LDH活性及IL-6和IL-1β含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）;50 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏组织SOD活性和血清中TNF-α含量分别显著升高（P<0.05）和极显著降低（P<0.01）;100和200 mg/kg RSV与ZEA共处理组肝脏系数和肝脏组织MDA含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。结果表明,ZEA对小鼠肝脏有严重的氧化及炎症损伤作用,RSV对ZEA中毒的肝损伤具有一定保护作用,尤其以100 mg/kg RSV保护效果最佳。     

The Effects of Resveratrol on the Quality of Frozen Sheep Semen

The effects of resveratrol on the quality of frozen-thawed sheep semen were studied in this study.Semen was collected from six Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep using artificial vagina.The semen was diluted with the Optidyl extender supplemented with resveratrol with a concentration of 0,0.1,1,10,or 20 μmol/L,followed by loading into plastic straws and equilibration at a low temperature.Then,the straws were pre-frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor,followed by storage in liquid nitrogen for 30 days.After thawing for 30 seconds in a 37 ℃ water bath,the parameters including sperm motility,acrosome integrity,membrane integrity,distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) and ROS were measured.The results showed that the post-thaw sperm total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 76.14%±0.97%,43.56%±0.91% and 43.24%±1.68% in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).However,when the concentration of resveratrol in the freezing extender was 20 μmol/L,the post-thaw total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 21.78%±0.79%,25.23%±1.34% and 4.84%±0.68%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.05).The acrosome integrity of sperm frozen in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was best,which was 50.47%±0.91% and significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05).The results of PS distribution showed that the percentage of viable sperm in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was 46.43%±2.95%,and significantly higher than that in the 20 μmol/L group (31.14%±3.56%,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with the other groups (P>0.05).In addition,the PS labeling rate of sperm in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group (39.82%±3.38%) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In terms of ROS production,this study demonstrated that the rate of viable sperm (ROS and PI were negative) in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group (63.57%±0.71%) was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05),while the rate of viable sperm (32.45%±1.42%) in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,the post-thaw quality of sheep semen could be improved after the addition of resveratrol to the freezing extenders,which might be related to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol.But,the cryoprotective effects of resveratrol dependents on its used doses,and the optimal concentration was 10 μmol/L based on this present study.However,excessively high concentration of resveratrol could aggravate cryodamage on sperm.In addition,the protective effects of resveratrol on sheep sperm still needs to be verified by in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.     

Effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on milk composition of sows and fat metabolism of sucking piglets

The purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on the milk composition of sows and the fat metabolism of sucking piglets. Forty sows were allotted to two experimental treatment groups that included the following: (a) control sows (CON treatment, n = 20) fed with a corn–soybean meal control diet and (b) treatment sows (RES treatment, n = 20) fed with a control diet with addition of 300 mg/kg resveratrol. The results showed that the content of lactose in the colostrum was increased (p < 0.05) and the content of fat in 21‐day milk was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary resveratrol supplementation. In the RES treatment group, the concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), lipase activity and insulin (INS) in plasma of sucking piglets were increased (p < 0.05). In the adipose tissue, the enzyme activities of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly by RES treatment (p < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of acetyl coenzyme A‐alpha (ACCα), LPL, fatty acid transport protein (FATP1) and CCAAT–enhancer‐binding protein gene (C/EBPα) were higher in the RES treatment group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation on gestational and lactating sows improved the content of lactose in the colostrum and the content of fat in milk at day 21 of lactation. In addition, resveratrol supplementation on sows increased HDL and LDL in the plasma of piglets. In piglet adipose tissue, the enzyme activity and mRNA level related to lipolysis, fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and lipogenesis are partially improved by resveratrol supplementation on sows. These aspects affect fat metabolism in piglets.     

白藜芦醇的生物学功能及其应用前景

本文综述白藜芦醇在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、抗组织损伤、抗流感、心血管保护、免疫调节等方面的作用及其在动物生产中的应用。