花分生组织决定基因APETALA1转化油菜

拟南芥的APETALA1(AP1)是花分生组织的决定基因,同时也是萼片和花瓣正常发育的控制因子.本研究构建了含有AP1基因的植物表达载体PCAP,启动子为CaMV 35S,通过农杆菌侵染法转化油菜.用PCR方法对转基因植株进行了DNA和RNA水平上的分子检测,证明AP1基因已经整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并且得到了有效的表达.获得的转基因植株也表现出提前开花的特性.试验结果表明,AP1基因在促进成花方面的关键作用不具有种属特异性,利用基因工程可以快速高效地进行油菜早熟性的遗传改良.     

Evolutionary implications of two rainbow trout growth hormone genes

The primary structures of two rainbow trout growth hormone mRNAs (GH1 and GH2) have been deduced by direct sequencing of their respective cDNA clones and portions of the mRNA. Both GH1 and GH2 mRNA contain open reading frames comprised of 630 nucleotides and encode 210 amino acid residues of which 11 are variant. The translated regions of both mRNA are flanked by a short but rather conserved 5′-end, and a relatively long but highly diverged 3′-end. The differences at translated and 3′-untranslated regions suggest that the GH1 and GH2 mRNA originate from different loci. The GH1 and GH2 mRNA are likely transcribed from two distinct loci which were duplicated during tetraploidization of salmonid genome between 50 to 100 million years ago. The GH2 gene has been isolated and sequenced from a rainbow trout genomic library. This gene spans a region of approximately 4 kilobases. The trout GH gene is comprised of 6 exons and 5 introns, in contrast to 5 exons and 4 introns in mammals. The additional intron in the trout gene interrupts the translated regions that are analogous to the last exon of the mammalian counterpart. The alleged internally repeating sequences in mammalian GH, prolactin (Pr1) and placental lactogen (PL) are not observed in the predicted polypeptide sequence of trout GH. In addition, direct repeats that flank exons I, III and V of mammalian GH, Pr1 and PL genes are absent in trout gene. These findings indicate that the rainbow trout GH gene structure does not support the current hypothesis that internally repeated regions in GH, Pr1 and PL arose from a small primordial gene.     

暗纹东方鲀mtDNA的分离纯化及其细胞素b基因的分子克隆

利用改进的差速离心法和碱裂解法制备并分离纯化了暗纹东方纯mtDNA,测得分子大小为19．4Kb。用线粒体特异染色法跟踪和监测线粒体提取,结果表明,25000-35000g能获得90％以上的高得率。利用制备纯化的mtDNA,已首次克隆了暗纹东方纯细胞色素b基因(cytb)。     

近缘新对虾cyclin B基因的克隆与原核表达

采用RACE技术,克隆了近缘新对虾cyclinB基因,该序列全长1 667 bp,编码区1 209bp共编码402个氨基酸,所推导的氨基酸序列N端不存在信号肽.BLAST比对后发现,其氨基酸序列与刀额新对虾的同源性达90％.经RT-PCR检测,cyclin B基因在近缘新对虾的卵巢和肌肉中表达水平最高,胸神经节和心脏次之,鳃、眼柄神经节、肝胰腺几乎没有表达.推测主要与cyclin B在细胞周期中调控细胞分裂的功能有关.原核表达结果显示,pET32a表达载体在0.2 mmol/L IPTG、25℃诱导4h条件下可得到纯度较高的分子量约67 ku的蛋白.     

线粒体COI基因条形码在鲿科鱼类物种鉴定中的应用

为了探讨线粒体COI基因作为DNA条形码在中国鲿科(Bagridae)鱼类物种鉴定中的有效性,以及系统发育中的适用性,本研究对4属11种鲿科鱼类进行PCR扩增,获得48条线粒体COI基因序列,同时从Gen Bank筛选获得8种鲿科鱼类的12条COI基因序列进行分析。19种鲿科鱼类的COI基因序列特征显示:长度为674 bp的COI序列片段平均碱基组成为24.82%A,30.44%T,27.10%C和17.64%G,碱基组成呈现明显的AT偏倚性(55.26%),具有硬骨鱼类的线粒体COI基因的碱基组成的典型特征。核苷酸位点中有变异位点226个,简约信息位点195个,单一信息位点31个,转换颠换比为3.35。19种鲿科鱼类的种内、种间和属间平均遗传距离分别为0.0041、0.1136和0.1268,种间遗传距离平均为种内遗传距离的27.7倍。在本研究中,鲿科鱼类所有的物种均形成单系,在物种鉴别上与形态学分类结果基本一致,然而鲿科的4个属中只有鱯属形成单系,黄颡鱼属、属和拟鲿属均未形成单系,其进化地位需要进一步研究。线粒体COI基因作为条形码可有效对鲿科鱼类进行物种鉴定,也为鲿科的系统发育提供了参考。     

黄颡鱼暴发性流行病病原的分离鉴定及其3种毒力基因检测

为查明黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)暴发性流行病的病原菌及其3种毒力基因的携带情况,以常规方法进行细菌分离,人工感染试验确定病原菌的致病性,API 20NE和16S rRNA基因序列分析进行细菌鉴定,PCR扩增法检测病原菌的3种毒力基因。结果显示,从发病症状典型的黄颡鱼肝脏中分离到1株嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)GXGP1,与嗜水气单胞菌标准株ATCC 7966T的同源性为99.9%,对黄颡鱼有很强致病力,是引起黄颡鱼暴发性流行病的病原菌,该菌携带有Aer、hly和ahp 3种毒力基因。     

基于12SrRNA和ND3基因序列分析巨[鱼丕]遗传多样性及系统进化

为从分子水平研究巨[鱼丕](Bagarius yarrelli Sykes)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本实验对采集于怒江、澜沧江、元江3河流5种群中的60个个体进行12S rRNA和ND3基因序列的PCR扩增,同时与红河河口群体12个个体的12S rRNA和ND3基因序列进行比对分析,采用Mega5.02软件对碱基组成、Kimura-2 parameter遗传距离、可变位点等进行分析。应用DnaSP软件进行遗传多样性相关参数的计算。结果显示:12S rRNA和ND3基因序列长度分别为954 bp和346 bp(349 bp),分别定义了51个单倍型和42个单倍型,12S rRNA和ND3序列中的碱基平均含量分别为:T为20.8%、C为25.7%、A为32.1%、G为21.4%和T为29.5%、C为28.2%、A为28.1%、G为14.1%,表现出明显的A+T偏倚性;6个群体的群体内和群体间的遗传距离分别为0.003~0.284(12S rRNA),0.009~0.059(ND3)和0.004~1.062(12S rRNA),0.008~0.143(ND3);12S rRNA基因的51个单倍型和ND3基因的42个单倍型序列总的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)及核苷酸平均差异数(K)分别为0.972和0.937、0.035和0.079、31.414和27.176,均显示出丰富的遗传多样性。结合从GenBank中下载的12S rRNA和ND3基因同源序列的[鱼丕]科9属10种鱼类进行系统发育树的构建,结果表明巨[鱼丕]独自汇聚成一大单系群,怒江潞江坝群体、怒江三江口群体及澜沧江临沧群体间关系较近,澜沧江景洪群体可单独构成一个单系种群,红河河口群体、红河曼耗群体与其它巨[鱼丕]构成一单系种群后再同澜沧江景洪群体汇聚成一支。     

Immunostimulatory effects of dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate in European sea bass postlarvae

The stable production of high‐quality fry in marine aquaculture is still hampered by unpredictable mortality caused by infectious diseases during larval rearing. Consequently, the development of new biocontrol agents is crucial for a viable aquaculture industry. The bacterial energy storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been shown to exhibit beneficial properties on aquatic organisms such as enhanced survival, growth, disease resistance and a controlling effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, the effect of PHB on the developing immune system of fish larvae has so far not been investigated. In this study, the effect of feeding PHB‐enriched Artemia nauplii on survival, growth and immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) postlarvae was examined. Amorphous PHB was administered to 28‐day‐old sea bass postlarvae over a period of 10 days. The survival and growth performance were monitored, and the expression of 29 genes involved in immunity, growth, metabolism and stress‐response was measured. While the expression of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (igf1), an indicator of relative growth, was upregulated in response to feeding PHB, the larval survival and growth performance remained unaffected. After 10 days of PHB treatment, the expression of the antimicrobial peptides dicentracin (dic) and hepcidin (hep) as well as mhc class IIa and mhc class IIb was elevated in the PHB fed postlarvae. This indicates that PHB is capable of stimulating the immune system of fish early life stages, which may be the cause of the increased resistance to diseases and robustness observed in previous studies.     

鱼类金属硫蛋白基因的表达与调控

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类能选择性地结合重金属离子的低分子量蛋白质。自Marafante及其同事于1970年证明MT在真骨鱼类中的存在以来,人们就对MT在动物体内和体外的作用和功能进行了广泛的研究。Dunn等(1987)对鱼类MT的研究表明,这类蛋白质长度极为均一,由60~61个氨     

兰州鲇MyoD基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

为研究兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)生长性状相关基因,运用RT-PCR、TA克隆和核酸测序等技术对兰州鲇MyoD基因的CDS区及全基因进行克隆和生物信息学分析。获得兰州鲇MyoD基因的完整CDS区序列810 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KT277551)及MyoD基因全序列1 210 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KT339175),包括部分5'端63 bp和3'端58 bp;ORF区含有3个外显子和2个内含子,外显子长度分别为510 bp、80 bp和220 bp,内含子长度分别为156 bp和123 bp,编码269个氨基酸残基组成的可溶酸性蛋白质;预测亚细胞定位MyoD主要分布于细胞核(56.5%),MyoD二聚体结构是一个螺旋-环-螺旋(b HLH)。基于12种鱼类MyoD基因CDS序列构建系统发育树及编码区同源性比较,分析结果表明,MyoD基因编码区在进化过程中比较保守,且兰州鲇MyoD与斑点叉尾、白鲶鱼、蓝鲶鱼之间存在较高的同源性。