Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Response of Primocane-Fruiting ‘Polana’ Red Raspberry to Boron Fertilization

The objective of this study was to examine the response of red raspberry to boron (B) fertilization. The experiment was carried out during 2002–2003 in a commercial plantation in central Poland on primocane-fruiting ‘Polana’ raspberries planted on a sandy loam soil with low status of organic matter and hot water-extractable B. Raspberries were fertilized with B via foliar or soil application. Foliar B sprays were made four times per season: two weeks before flowering, at the beginning of blooming, and three and six weeks later. In each spray treatment, B was used at a rate of 0.1 kg ha^?1. Soil B was applied at the stage of bud break at a rate of 1 kg ha^?1. Plants untreated with B served as a control. The results showed that B fertilization, regardless of application mode, increased flower and leaf B concentrations, fruit set, and berry yield. Fruit of B-fertilized plants were firmer, and had higher soluble solids concentrations and numbers of drupelets than those of the control plants. Boron fertilization had no effect on plant vigor, mean berry weight, and titratable acidity of fruit. The obtained results indicated that on coarse-textured soils with low B status, soil or foliar B application should be recommended in red raspberry cultivation to increase yield and improve berry quality.     

树莓果实显微及超显微结构观察

以树莓品种菲尔杜德(Rubus idaeus L.cv.Fertod Zamatos)为试材,分别采集花后7、14、21、28、30、32 d的果实,进行显微结构和超显微结构观察。结果表明,树莓果实由外、中、内3层果皮和种子组成,属于聚合小核果类型。在果实发育初期,细胞排列紧密,细胞壁明-暗-明结构明显,细胞器丰富。随着果实成熟变软,果肉细胞细胞壁发生扭曲变形,中胶层瓦解,明暗分区结构消失,细胞器显著减少,质壁分离严重。     

黄树莓离体培养及脱毒技术研究

[目的]研究一套完整的黄树莓苗木脱毒培养技术体系。[方法]以引进黄树莓为供试材料,研究了扩繁增殖和生根的最佳培养条件。[结果]优化增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+GA30.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,增殖倍数可达6.83;生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L,生根速度快,分支多;移栽基质针叶∶树皮∶草腐菌菌糠为1∶1∶1培养的容器苗长势好,茎杆粗壮,移栽成活率达89.6%。同时结合热处理方式进行组培苗的茎尖脱毒培养,确定继代苗、生根苗热处理的极限温度分别为37.2℃和40.8℃,维持时间13和15 d脱毒效果较好,二次微茎尖脱毒采用腋芽效果较好,成苗率较高,为55.5%。[结论]建立了黄树莓脱毒培养技术体系,为无毒苗木的生产提供技术支持。     

红树莓色素提取及稳定性研究

以红树莓浆果为原料,采用超声波法对红树莓果实中的色素进行提取及稳定性研究。结果表明:红树莓色素最大吸收波为510 nm,最佳提取条件为体积分数50%的乙醇溶液,按1∶10的料液比,浸提温度40℃,浸提时间30 min,提取2次。稳定性研究表明,pH对红树莓色素呈色影响较大,在低于50℃、避光条件下有较好的稳定性。红树莓色素具有一定抗氧化能力,蔗糖对色素无明显影响,VC对色素具有降解作用,Fe3+离子对红树莓色素具有保护作用,能够稳定其结构。     

夏果型树莓和黑莓品种需冷量及药剂打破休眠效果的研究

以11个夏果型树莓(Rubus idaeus L.)和黑莓(Rubus idaeus L.)品种穗条为试材,进行人工低温（5℃恒温）处理,采用0~7.2℃模型估算芽萌发的需冷量,为保护地栽培适时进棚提供参考依据;以不同浓度GA3和H2NCN处理2个夏果型树莓品种的穗条,探索人工破眠的技术。结果表明：需冷量因品种、生态环境、休眠期温度及穗条本身发育情况不同表现各异,各试材需冷量从低于672 h到1344 h不等。其中最低的是‘Bristol’和‘Shawnee’,均小于672 h,最高的是‘Reveille’,为1344 h,其余的居中。使用化学药剂打破树莓的休眠是有效的,但破眠效果因浓度和品种而异：GA3对‘夏17号’的有效浓度范围较广;而H2NCN处理只有0.1%和0.3%对‘夏17号’效果良好,超过0.5%效果下降甚至发生毒害。各浓度药剂处理对‘夏19号’破眠效果不明显。     

HPLC法测定红树莓籽中鞣花酸含量

[目的]利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定红树莓(Rubus corchorifolius Linn.f.)籽提取物中鞣花酸的含量。[方法]色谱条件:ODSHYPERSL C18柱(100.0 mm×4.6mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相CH3OH-0.03%三氟乙酸(体积比50∶50),检测波长254 nm,用外标法测定鞣花酸含量。[结果]鞣花酸含量在0.322～8.050μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5;精密度试验RSD为0.69%,表明仪器精密度良好;重现性试验RSD为0.95%,表明方法的重现性良好;平均加样回收率为95.32%,RSD为1.08%,表明方法准确、可靠,可用于后续分析。最后测得鞣花酸含量可达994 mg/kg。[结论]红树莓籽中鞣花酸的含量高于所报道的红树莓果实中鞣花酸的含量,可更进一步对其机理进行研究。     

树莓日光温室栽培技术

利用日光温室进行树莓反季节栽培,对其栽培生物学特性进行研究,筛选出2个适宜日光温室栽培的优良品种,分别为‘托拉米’(‘Tulameen’)和‘威娜米特’(‘Willamatt’)。同时对温室栽培树莓的温湿度调控,肥水管理,修剪技术,病虫害防治等做了系统的研究,总结出了一套适合沈阳地区日光温室栽培的新技术。     

Effects of NaCl stress on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Autumn Bliss’)

The increasing interest in the cultivation of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in warmer climates and in the mild-Southern parts of Europe requires better understanding of the salinity effects especially in the primocane-fruiting type cultivars. The aim of this work was to study the response of the ‘Autumn Bliss’ primocane-fruiting cultivar in elevated NaCl concentrations.     

云南树莓病虫害调查初报

为了解经济植物树莓栽培中的病虫害危害情况,2005-2007年在云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所基地对树莓病虫害进行了系统调查．发现危害树莓的病虫害共有9种,分别是叶斑病、炭疽病、茎枯病、茎腐病、灰霉病、稻绿蝽、小长蝽、拟小黄卷叶蛾和果蝇。树莓病虫害总体发生数量少、危害程度轻,是一种优良的新型果树,可进一步扩大种植。本文对其主要病虫害发生情况及其相应的防治技术措施作了概述。