不同剂量腺苷对肺炎大鼠肺动脉高压的调节作用

目的观察金黄色葡菌球菌（金葡菌）感染大鼠肺炎对肺动脉压力的影响,以及不同剂量腺苷对其调节作用。方法50只SD大鼠被随机分为对照组、肺炎组和腺苷处理A、B、C组。金葡菌经气管插管注入复制肺炎大鼠模型,实验第5天各腺苷处理组于心内肺动脉测压管内持续注射不同剂量的腺苷（50、100、150μg.kg-1.min-1）,各腺苷处理组动态测定心率（HR）和平均肺动脉压（mPAP）。对照组、肺炎组同法注射等量的生理盐水,测定指标同前。处死大鼠取心肌组织作病理检测。结果（1）心肌病理组织检查示肺炎组病变明显,与对照组比较P＜0.01;（2）肺炎组肺动脉压力较对照组增高[（2.67±0.38）vs（2.03±0.41）,P＜0.01）];（3）腺苷处理B、C组用药后平均肺动脉压均低于肺炎组（均P＜0.05）,而与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论金葡菌感染大鼠肺炎可致肺动脉压力增高以及心肌损害,由肺动脉给以外源性腺苷可降低肺动脉压力。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒受体透明质酸酶-2的原核表达及纯化

为建立绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus,JSRV)受体透明质酸酶-2(Hyal-2)的原核高效表达体系,本试验设计了扩增JSRV受体Hyal-2基因的特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增出Hyal-2全长基因,将该基因定向重组于原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建pGEX-4T-1-Hyal-2重组质粒,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,逐步优化条件至稳定表达,经Western blotting检测融合蛋白成功表达后,通过亲和层析法对融合蛋白进行纯化。结果表明,Hyal-2基因正确地插入到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中;经诱导含重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-Hyal-2的表达菌高效表达了带GST标签的目的蛋白;SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示目的蛋白分子质量为80 ku,与预期大小一致,经Western blotting验证为带GST标签的融合蛋白;通过谷胱甘肽亲和层析法获得纯化的目的蛋白。本试验结果为进一步制备Hyal-2蛋白的多克隆抗体及深入研究其功能奠定基础。     

,y康汤对复治性肺结核阴虚毒癖证疗效及 T淋巴细胞的影响

〔摘要〕目的研究傍康汤对复治性肺结核阴虚毒疲证患者T淋巴细胞的影响、方法将%例阴虚毒疲型复治 性肺结核患者随机分为两组:治疗组48例和对照组48例,并设立正常组48例;对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组 在西医常规治疗基础上加服傍康汤,2周为1个疗程,共治疗12个疗程〔观察两组临床疗效及对CD,'',CD,'',CDH''1'' 淋巴细胞、CD,''/CDH+比值的影响〔结果治疗组总有效率为89.60Io,与对照组66.7%比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P< 0.01);两组CD,'',CDH''1''淋巴细胞、C D,''/C DH+比值治疗前与正常组比较有显著差异}P<0.01),治疗后与治疗前比较 C D,'' T淋巴细胞、CD,''/CDH+比值明显升高,CDH'' T淋巴细胞则明显卜降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ) ;治疗后治疗组 CD,'',CD,''/CDH''比值的升高、CDH''的h降均优于对照组(P<0.05 )〔结论傍康汤治疗阴虚毒疲型复治性肺结核疗效确 切,其机制可能是通过改善患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能而起作用、     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF TRACTION BRONCHIECTASIS SECONDARY TO PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN A PATTERDALE TERRIER

An 8‐year‐old, Patterdale terrier was referred for evaluation of tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, and weight loss. Computed tomographic images showed pneumomediastinum, diffuse pulmonary ground glass opacity, and marked dilatation of peripheral bronchi, but no evidence of thickened bronchial walls. The histopathologic diagnosis was diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, and bronchiectasis. The lack of evidence of primary bronchitis supported a diagnosis of traction bronchiectasis. Traction bronchiectasis can occur as a sequela to pulmonary fibrosis in dogs.     

Use of antiviral medications against equine herpes virus associated disorders

Numerous types of equine herpesviruses (EHV) continue to afflict horses resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations. While many of the clinical manifestations of EHV are self‐limiting or require only supportive care, some clinical expressions of EHV infections cause severe risk to the horse's overall health and can result in abortion, long‐term deficits or death. Antiviral medications are infrequently utilised therapeutics in equine medicine and their exact efficacy is largely unknown. However, the use of antiviral medications may potentially decrease convalescent time and improve outcome in horses with EHV‐related diseases. Thus, equine practitioners should consider the potential use of antiviral medications in the future. The purpose of this article is to familiarise the equine practitioner with current information in regard to antiviral medications and their potential uses in equine medicine.     

Relationship of horse owner assessed respiratory signs index to characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction in two Warmblood families

Reasons for performing study: The horse owner assessed respiratory signs index (HOARSI‐1–4, healthy, mildly, moderately and severely affected, respectively) is based on owner‐reported clinical history and has been used for the investigation of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) genetics utilising large sample sizes. Reliable phenotype identification is of paramount importance in genetic studies. Owner reports of respiratory signs have shown good repeatability, but the agreement of HOARSI with an in‐depth examination of the lower respiratory tract has not been investigated. Objectives: To determine the correlation of HOARSI grades 3/4 with the characteristics of RAO and of HOARSI‐2 with the characteristics of inflammatory airway disease. Further, to test whether there are phenotypic differences in the manifestation of lung disease between families. Methods: Seventy‐one direct offspring of 2 RAO‐affected Warmblood stallions (33 from the first family, 38 from the second) were graded as HOARSI‐1–4 and underwent a clinical examination of the respiratory system, arterial blood gas analysis, endoscopic mucus scoring, cytology of tracheobronchial secretion (TBS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and clinical assessment of airway reactivity to methacholine chloride. Results: HOARSI‐3/4 animals in clinical exacerbation showed signs consistent with RAO: coughing, nasal discharge, abnormal lung sounds and breathing pattern as well as increased numbers of neutrophils in TBS and BALF, excessive mucus accumulation and airway hyper‐responsiveness to methacholine. HOARSI‐3/4 horses in remission only had increased amounts of tracheal mucus and TBS neutrophil percentages. Clinical phenotypes were not significantly different between the 2 families. Conclusions and clinical relevance: HOARSI reliably identifies RAO‐affected horses in our population.     

Effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen on lung aeration and gas exchange in cats under inhalant anaesthesia

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) (0.4 and 1) on lung aeration and gas exchange during general anaesthesia in cats.Study designRandomized, blinded, controlled study.AnimalsThirty healthy, mixed breed, client owned female cats.Materials and methodsCats were premedicated intramuscularly with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg^?1) and medetomidine (0.015 mg kg^?1). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (5 mg kg^?1) and, after orotracheal intubation, maintained with isoflurane carried by either 100% oxygen (G100, n = 15) or an oxygen-air mixture with 40% oxygen (G40, n = 15). All cats were placed in dorsal recumbency and breathed spontaneously throughout the entire procedure. Following surgery (ovariectomy), a spiral computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed, arterial oxygen (PaO₂) and carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) tensions were measured and alveolar-arterial gradient of oxygen [P(A-a)O₂] calculated. The CT images were analysed for lung aeration by the analysis of radiograph attenuations (Hounsfield units, HU), according to the following classification: hyperinflated area (-1000 to -900 HU), normally aerated area (-900 to -500 HU), poorly aerated area (-500 to -100 HU) and non-aerated area (-100 to +100 HU). The groups were compared using one-way anova.ResultsCompared to G100, the normally-aerated lung area was significantly greater and the poorly-aerated and non-aerated areas were significantly smaller in G40. PaCO₂ was similar in both groups. PaO₂ and P(A-a)O₂ were significantly higher in G100. In both groups, pulmonary atelectasis developed preferentially in the caudal lung fields.ConclusionIn cats anaesthetised with isoflurane, the administration of an FiO₂ of >0.9 significantly impaired lung aeration and gas exchange as compared to an FiO₂ of 0.4.Clinical relevanceAn FiO₂ of 0.4 may better preserve lung aeration and gas exchange in anaesthetised spontaneously breathing cats but monitoring is essential to ensure oxygenation is adequate.     

Post‐anesthetic pulmonary edema in two horses

Case 1 A two‐year old, 462 kg Standard bred horse was anesthetized for arthroscopy and castration. During anesthesia, hyperemia of the mucosal membranes and urticaria were noticed. During 5 hours of anesthesia subcutaneous edema of the eyelids and neck region developed. In the recovery box, the orotracheal (OT) tube was left in situ and secured in place with tape. Following initial attempts to stand, the horse became highly agitated and signs consistent with pulmonary edema developed subsequently. Arterial hypoxemia (PaO₂: 3.7 kPa [28 mmHg]) and hypocapnia (PaCO₂: 3.1 kPa [23 mmHg]) were confirmed. Oxygen and furosemide were administered. The horse was assisted to standing with a sling. Therapy continued with bilateral intra‐nasal oxygen insufflation. Ancillary medical therapy included flunixin meglumine, penicillin, gentamycin and dimethylsulfoxide. Following 7 hours of treatment the arterial oxygen tensions began to increase towards normal values. Case 2 An 11‐year old, 528 kg Paint horse was anesthetized for surgery of a submandibular mass. The 4‐hour anesthetic period was unremarkable. The OT tube was left in situ for the recovery. During recovery, the horse was slightly agitated and stood after three attempts. Clinical signs consistent with pulmonary edema and arterial hypoxemia (PaO₂: 5 kPa [37.5 mmHg]) subsequently developed following extubation. Respiratory signs resolved with medical therapy, including unilateral nasal oxygen insufflation, furosemide, flunixin meglumine and dimethylsulfoxide. The diagnosis of pulmonary edema in these horses was made by clinical signs and arterial blood‐gas analysis. While pulmonary radiographs were not taken to confirm the diagnosis, the clinical signs following anesthesia support the diagnosis in both cases. The etiology of pulmonary edema was most likely multifactorial.