Fertility and growth in the field of Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra plants regenerated from suspension cultured cells and protoplasts

The effect of regeneration of Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra from embryogenic suspension cells and protoplasts on fertility and growth was evaluated. Embryogenic suspension cultures were either routinely subcultured or cryopreserved and re-established. Phenology, morphology and fertility of regenerated plants were studied for two growing seasons in a replicated field experiment. Most regenerated L. perenne and F. rubra plants showed a delay in inflorescence emergence, a reduced seed yield and differences in morphological traits when compared with seed-grown plants. For L. perenne, performance of plants regenerated from cryopreserved suspension cultures and protoplasts was similar to that of respective plants regenerated from routinely maintained suspension cultures. However, differences in performance were observed for respective regenerants in F. rubra. The phenotypic deviation observed was partly reflected in the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis performed. However, regenerants of both species showing similar, or even superior performance to the seed-grown plants were also found. Embryogenic suspension cells and corresponding protoplasts of L. perenne and F. rubra have the potential for producing fertile, well-performing plants which can be integrated in breeding programs.     

小单孢菌40027菌株原生质体的形成和再生

通过酶解温度、酶解时间和再生培养基对小单孢菌40027菌株原生质体形成和再生的研究,确定小单孢菌40027菌株原生质体制备条件为37℃酶解60min;原生质体的再生培养基为R-1培养基。     

Construction of biological control strain of Trichoderma viride and study of their ability to induce plant disease resistance

Plant diseases heavily affct plant growth and crop yield even in modern agriculture. Control its difficult because pathogens mutate frequently, and this leads in frequent breaking of disease resistance in commercial cultivars. The excessive application of chemical pesticides is not only producing pesticide-resistant pathogens, but it is harming the environment threatening the health of human beings. Therefore, the use of biological control agents (BCA) may provide an environmental friendly al…     

芜菁油菜叶肉原生质体再生植株

以芜菁油菜为材料，从无菌苗５—８天叶龄的叶片分离叶肉原生质体，然后以６×１０￣４／ｍＬ的密度用ＭＰ１－３液体培养基进行浅层培养。培养１０天后，用ＭＰ４培养基对ＭＰ１－２中的培养物进行稀释（１：１）．用ＭＰ５培养基对ＭＰ３中的培养物进行稀释（１：１），每次间隔１０天。在培养期间时常用手轻轻摇动培养物。用这种方法，再生细胞分裂并形成愈伤组织，愈伤组织经ＭＳ１培养基增殖３周，转到分化培养基上诱导植株分化，分化出的苗经诱导生根发育成完整的小植株（共５４株）．在研究中发现：①激素的种类、浓度及组合对刺激细胞分裂的作用差异明显；②提高培养基的ｐＨ值可明显地控制细胞褐化；③ＡｇＮＯ＿３（５ｍｇ／ｍＬ）有益于愈伤组织分化植株；④谷氨酰胺（８０ｍｇ／ｍＬ）和腺嘌呤（４０ｍｇ／ｍＬ）能提高愈伤组织的植株分化频率；⑤原生质体培养基对原生质体植株的分化亦有影响．     

代谢互补抑制剂碘乙酰胺和罗丹明对3种豆科牧草原生质体活力和再长的影响

研究了不同浓度代谢互补抑制剂碘乙酰胺(IOA)和罗丹明6G(R-6G)处理与里奥百脉根(Lotuscorniculatus L.cv.Leon)、扁蓿豆(Melilotoides ruthenica(L.)Sojak)及清水紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Qingshui)3种豆科牧草愈伤组织原生质体活力和再生力之间的相关性。结果表明,3～10mmol/L的IOA和40～70μg/ml的R-6G分别处理10min,可使3种豆科牧草原生质体的活力及植板率明显下降,各处理浓度与原生质体活力和植板率之间均存在极显著的负相关(p<0.01)。培养第7天,所有处理均可见再生的小细胞团;培养30～40d,抑制剂临界浓度下原生质体丧失形成愈伤组织的能力。IOA对原生质活力的抑制作用更明显,R-6G对植板率的影响更显著,并可使原生质体发出红色荧光,有利于细胞融合时亲本原生质体的标识。适宜3种豆科牧草的抑制剂及临界浓度分别是:百脉根5mmol/L IOA或50μg/ml R-6G;扁蓿豆7mmol/L IOA或70μg/ml R-6G;清水紫花苜蓿3mmol/L IOA或40μg/mL R-6G。     

里氏木霉DWC原生质体制备条件的研究

对影响里氏木霉 (Trichodermareesei)DWC原生质体制备和再生的条件 ,包括菌龄、水解酶液的种类及浓度、酶解温度、酶解时间、再生培养基的稳渗剂进行了研究。结果表明 :当菌龄为 1 0h ,采用 2 %纤维素酶和 2 %蜗牛酶混合液 ,酶解温度 30℃ ,酶解时间 90min ,用 0 .6mol·L- 1 蔗糖作再生培养基的稳渗剂 ,原生质体的形成数为60万个·L- 1 ,原生质体再生率为 1 0 .1 %。     

原生质体融合构建高效降解工程菌的研究

研究了球形红假单胞菌与酿酒酵母菌的原生质体融合条件，并对融合子性能进行了测定.结果表明两种菌株分别在溶菌酶——EDTA和蜗牛酶——巯基乙醇处理后形成原生质体，两种原生质体在聚乙二醇（PEG）和Ca     

胡杨悬浮细胞原生质体游离及质膜单离子通道测定

该文以胡杨 (Populuseuphratica)悬浮细胞为材料 ,利用 1 0 %纤维素酶“onozuka”R 10、0 0 1%果胶酶Y 2 3、0 15 %离析酶R 10和 0 1%半纤维素酶的混合酶液消化细胞壁 ,得到原生质体 .并利用膜片钳细胞贴附技术分别测到质膜内向和外向单通道电流 .通道电流在不同水平上变化 ,表明并非只有一种类型的通道开放 .树木细胞原生质体的分离以及利用膜片钳测定细胞质膜离子通道的成功实践为深入研究木本植物抗盐的细胞学机制奠定了基础     

Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals

Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.     

Chromosomal instability in cell- and tissue cultures of tomato haploids and diploids

Summary The effect of the tissue culture system, the genotype and the ploidy level of the plant material used as explant source on the stability of the ploidy level of plants regenerated fromcell and tissue cultures of tomato was investigated. In addition the use of the chloroplast number in guard cells as a measure for ploidy level was evaluated. Haploids of tomato were very instable, which instability was observed already in somatic root tip and leaf cells. The number of regenerated plants that retained the original ploidy level differed significantly between the tested haploids. The plants that were regenerated from leaf explants of diploids were predominantly diploid in contrast to the plants regenerated from established callus cultures and protoplast where the majority was tetraploid.