应用均匀设计研究电场刺激及培养因素对甘蓝叶原生质体分裂频率的影响

应用均匀设计法探讨了电场刺激及培养因素对甘蓝叶原生质体分裂频率的影响。结果表明 ,电场方向和强度强烈地影响细胞分裂频率。培养成分对细胞分裂频率均有不同程度的影响。均匀设计能筛选最优的植物原生质体培养条件或培养基。结合“回归 -通径”分析 ,有效地综合评判和研究了各培养成分对原生质体分裂频率的作用     

Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Derived from Suspension Culture of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Taipei 177')

Protoplasts were isolated from young inflorescence-derived suspension cultures of a japonica rice cultivar ‘Taipei 177’. The isolated protoplasts which were cultured either in liquid, agar on Sea plaque agarose underwent sustained division. Maximum plating efficiency of 1.06% occurred in a medium containing macroelements of KM, microelements and vitamins of B5, 0.5 % Sea plaque agarose, 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D, and glucose as an osmotic stabilizer. Green and albino plants were regenerated from the protocalli in MS semisolid medium containing 4 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate (MS_18–2).     

丝瓜子叶原生质体培养研究

经1%纤维素酶、0.5%离析酶、3mmol/L MES 和0.25mol/L 甘露醇的CPW 酶液酶离出的丝瓜子叶原生质体,在去NH_4NO_3的KM_(8p)附加0.5mg/L 2、4-D、lmg/L BA、125mg/L 水解酪蛋白(CH)、0.15～0.20mol/L 葡萄糖和0.05mol/L 蔗糖的培养基上培养出微愈伤组织,再经MS附加多种成分的培养基培育,增殖出大量松散粒状、表面光滑的多种形态愈伤组织,并分化出根。     

黑曲霉和里氏木霉原生质体形成与再生条件选择──Ⅱ．菌龄、酶配比及酶解温度和时间的选择

用正交试验比较了菌龄、酶种类及浓度配比、酶解温度和酶解时间４个主要因素，对黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）ＡＭＳ１１和里氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｒｅｅｓｅｉ）ＱＭ９４１４两菌株原生质体形成与再生的影响。结果表明，ＡＭＳ１１和ＱＭ９４１４两菌株原生质体形成与再生的４个因素的合理参数分别是：菌龄１４～１６小时和１８～２０小时；三种酶配比（纤维素酶：蜗牛酶：溶菌酶）（ｍｇ／ｍｌ）为（８：４：２）和（５：２．５：２．５）；酶解温度均为３２℃；酶解时间均为２～３小时。     

胡萝卜悬浮细胞原生质体的培养及植株再生的研究

采用继代培养4～5 d 后的胡萝卜悬浮细胞,经酶解获得大量原生质体,并在不同的培养基上经培养,细胞进行分裂,形成愈伤组织,获得了完整的再生植株。探讨了影响原生质体培养及植株再生的多种因素,实验表明:①原生质体的培养密度在5×10~4/mL～5×10~5/mL 范围内均可,以2.5×10~5/mL 为佳。②对于细胞的分裂、细胞团的生长以及愈伤组织的形成,以改良的 B_5培养基最好,N_5培养基其次,MS 较差。③适当降低原生质体培养基中的甘露醇浓度,有利于细胞的分裂和生长。④在本实验所涉及的培养方法中,以液体浅层培养为优。⑤诱导愈伤组织分化,以 1mg/L KT 为佳。⑥不同培养基对愈伤组织的生长速度和分化频率产生一定影响,以 MS 培养基提高分化频率效果较好。     

Somatic Fusion for Breeding of Tetraploid Potatoes

From two tetraploid, one Transformed tetraploid, one triploid and 11 dihaploid clones of Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol mediated somatic fusion. The inter-dihaploid clones comprised clones of agronomic value, homozygous doubled monohaploids, and in vitro selected clones resistant t0 Fusarium or Phytophthora toxins. Presumptive hybrids were enriched at the callus Stage in vitro by using differentiating media and by growth characteristics; further identification was performed by chromosome counting in vitro shoots and by isozyme analysis of in vitro plants. Final analysis was made from morphological characteristic of plant and tuber phenotypes. From 15 different combinations, 6009 plantlets have been regenerated. From five combinations, 310 reentrants were checked for hybrid nature by morphology and cytology and 88 by peroxidase and esterase isozyme analyses. Amongst these, from two combinations, a total of 17 different hybrids were confirmed by all methods. The procedures described are general enough to allow genome combination of interdihaploids resulting in tetraploids of practical breeding value.     

Factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts: the case of the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora from roots of orchids

Protoplast isolation is relevant for many different applications and has been principally used in proceduresnvolving genetic manipulation. In this study, the age of mycelium, osmotic stabilizers, enzyme, incubation temperature and incubation time were evaluated in terms of their effects on protoplast yield. The young mycelia （3 d） of Tulasnella calospora were digested for 6 h at 30℃ in a mixture of 1.2 mol·L-1 MgSO_4 ＋ 10 mmoI·L-1 K2HPO4 as the osmotic stabilizer, with a 1.0% lysing enzyme and 1.5% driselase： more than 106 protoplasts mL-1 were obtained. When collected 3y density gradient centrifugation, the concentration of protoplasts can reach 107-108 protoplasts mL-1, an amount suitable enough for experiments of transformation in fungi. For every 10_5 protoplasts, about 15-25 protoplasts can egenerate after 24-36 h cultivation in a liquid medium and after 8-10 d in an agar medium. This study produced an efficient method for protoplast production, reverting them into a typical mycelia morphology using a Tulasnella calospora solate.     

Production and testing of plants regenerated from protoplasts of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryonic suspension cultures of N5047S, a photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) Japonica rice line. Flow cytometric analyses of nuclear DNA content identified some tetraploid regenerates whose agronomic traits could be distinguished from diploid regenerates. Pollen and female fertility of diploid protoplast-derived clones grown under different light and temperature conditions was compared. A promising PGMS protoplast clone, ZAU11S, was developed from these clones. Its male sterility was confirmed as a photoperiod × temperature interaction type. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

马铃薯原生质体游离与培养体系的研究

普通马铃薯四倍体栽培种“甘农薯2号”、“Favorita敗ⅰ癛usset Burbank”试管苗叶片为材料来源,游离培养马铃薯原生质体。结果表明,游离前材料的低温预处理,酶解前对组织和酶液进行真空渗透处理,均能显著提高原生质体产量。用Ficoll密度梯度离心法收集原生质体进行培养,结果表明第三、四层界面的原生质体有较好的培养效果。培养液中加入10 %～15 % 的马铃薯提取液并进行愈伤组织看护培养,有良好的培养效果。     

小立碗藓细胞重新编程过程中染色体重塑观察

小立碗藓(Physcomitrella patens)是研究植物发育的理想模式植物,也是目前发现的具有高频率同源重组特性的植物,其再生能力很强。此研究以生长7d的小立碗藓原丝体、培养0d的原生质体和再生2d的原生质体为材料,旨在了解小立碗藓细胞重新编程过程中染色体结构的动态变化。透射电镜观察发现原丝体染色体结构浓缩程度高;而当原丝体脱去细胞壁成原生质体状态时,异染色质开始解凝,染色体结构变得较为松散;原生质体再生2d时其染色体松散程度次之。通过进一步荧光定量PCR分析染色体重塑相关基因SWI/SNF的表达水平,发现这些基因在原生质体中表达量最高。