浅论实现基于MapX的灌溉信息系统的关键技术

现代化的灌溉用水管理是实现农业高效用水的重要措施之一,它可实现灌溉水资源的合理配置和灌溉系统的优化调度,达到节水增产目的,使有限的水资源获得最大的效益。采用手工方式进行灌溉用水管理,难以及时提供水资源利用最优化方案,因此急需研制出具有网络通信功能的可视化操作界面的灌溉信息管理系统,为灌区水资源评价和利用、规划等工作奠定良好的数据基础。GIS不仅具有强大的空间数据管理功能,还具有丰富的多元地学数据分析处理能力和直观的图形显示效果,因此利用GIS进行灌区的管理与建设将会有效提高灌区的工作效率和经济效益。笔者在实践调研的基础上,根据灌溉信息管理系统的功能规划及结构设计,利用MapX组件工具开发了陕西省冯家山灌区灌溉信息系统,对提高灌溉用水的管理效率进行了实例尝试,并着重对下列关键技术的运用进行了实践与思考：（1）阐述了利用可视化编程工具结合数据库管理技术、地理信息系统组件技术、网络通信技术等进行系统开发的过程;（2）着重介绍了基于MapX组件的空间数据库的建立与关联技术、灌溉管理信息的网络通信实现技术;（3）最后对在灌溉管理工作中运用GIS技术进行科学管理等相关问题进行了有益的探讨。     

Construction and Realization Method for 3 -D Digital City

This paper studies the key technology in the 3 - D digital city construction, and puts forward a new method to construct and realize the 3 - D digital city. The authors discuss the dates gathering and disposal from the collection of 3 - D topograph dates, the construction and ingress of 3 - D model, the gathering and disposal of texture dates. Subsequently, to solve the problem of that the 3 - D topograph dates are greater than the 2 - D topograph, the bulk-dates optimization of 3 - D digital city is realized through the choose of appropriate DEM of linenumbers and column numbers, the 3 - D model modeling specification, the using of nodes replace, the optimization of LOD modeling. The successful operation result of Chongqing Hi-tech Development Zone 3 - D digital city project illustrates that, this system can realistic mimic status in quo of the Chongqing Hi-tech Development Zone, the system operates smoothly, and its effect is also well.     

QTL遗传效应正反交差异研究

应用改良AD模型对转基因棉花QTL突变体系进行遗传效应的正反交比较分析,结果表明,农艺性状的主要遗传方差组分分解正反交表现一致,除铃重存在显著的遗传背景加性效应(A2)外,子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分和铃数均存在显著或极显著的 dQTL加性效应(A1)和显性效应(D1),农艺性状均有显著或极显著的遗传背景显性效应(D2);棉花纤维性状的主要遗传效应正反交之间无显著差异.铃重的dQTL的加性和显性效应与环境的互作存在显著差异.对转基因系、受体及三个品系的dQTL加性效应分解结果也表明,正反交对不同材料各性状的加性效应估计也是一致的.本文还对不同组合正反交时的纯合及杂合显性效应进行预测比较.     

浅谈新农村建设中农业信息服务模式的创新

随着中国建设社会主义新农村战略目标的提出,农业、农村和农民问题日益成为中国政府工作的重中之重,中国将投入巨大的人力、物力和财力来推动国内农业向纵深发展,中国农业正朝着现代农业的发展方向稳步、快速地推进。农业信息服务是中国社会主义新农村建设的重要支撑点之一,而农业信息服务模式的优劣则决定了农业信息服务水平和质量的高低。为了推动促进社会主义新农村的建设和发展,笔者全面回顾和总结了中国的农业信息服务模式,运用比较分析的方法充分阐述了各种农业信息服务模式的主要内容和特点,最后从政策、法律、教育等方面提出了关于中国农业信息服务模式创新的几点建议,以期为提高中国农业信息服务水平提供一些具体的可操作的策略和措施。     

利用辐射度模型模拟玉米冠层辐射分布

随着遥感研究的深入和计算机技术的提高,地面目标二向性反射分布函数（BRDF）的研究不断深入,计算机模拟模型因其对植被结构的细致描述并能更真实模拟光线与植被冠层之间的相互作用,受到越来越多的学者重视。本文以2000年在中国科学院栾城生态系统试验站测量的夏玉米为例,在对玉米三维结构进行实地测量的基础上,利用扩展的L系统对生长期的玉米进行建模,进而应用基于真实结构场景的辐射度模型(RGM)计算了玉米场景的二向性反射率因子（BRF）,对模拟结果与实测结果进行了分析与比较,结果显示两者之间具有较好的一致性。证明了辐射度模型用于植被冠层光辐射分布模拟是行之有效的,可以为波谱库提供可靠的多角度数据,并为进一步冠层辐射分布的研究工作奠定了基础。     

江淮平原小麦渍害预警系统(WWWS)

针对江淮平原小麦生长期常见的渍害问题,对笔者等早先自主研制的小麦栽培模拟优化决策系统（WCSODS）加以精简与改造,即删去小麦栽培优化模型部分,增加渍害对小麦光合作用、干物质分配和叶片衰老等生理生态过程的影响模块,并结合土壤水分的计算,实现了渍害逆境下冬小麦生长与产量的模拟。在此基础上,围绕研制目标,就建立渍害警级预警指标、生成支持小麦生长模型（WMOD）运行的未来天气文件、调试与确定地区性参数,以及WMOD与区域性气候模式（RGCM）的结合等,论述了小麦渍害预报的实现途径。利用南京、南通地区近10年（1991—2000）的气候与产量资料,对建成的小麦渍害预警系统（WWWS）进行了可靠性检验,历史渍害的拟合率达到90%;还利用WWWS和RGCM的输出值对南京、南通、合肥3地区近3年（2002—2005）的渍害发生程度进行了试预报,取得了满意的结果。     

高产棉花品种泗棉3号的遗传机制研究Ⅰ.产量及其产量构成因素的遗传分析

利用泗棉3号和CARMEN构建的RIL及其F₂、B₁、B₂、P₁、P₂、F₁两套群体,同时在3个环境中,采用各自的联合世代分析方法,研究了我国长江流域棉区广泛种植的优良品种泗棉3号高产性状的遗传规律。遗传模型分析揭示泗棉3号×Carmen组合的产量及其产量构成因素的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,说明存在控制这些性状的主基因。所有性状在不同环境中的遗传模型不同。同时,各性状在不同环境中的主基因遗传率变化较大,而多基因遗传率在不同环境中变化相对较小,表明环境对数量性状主基因的表达影响大,对多基因的表达也存在影响。对环境间差异较大性状的研究和选育,要在多个特定的环境中进行,才能提高效率。     

Modelling Biomass Accumulation and Partitioning in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Quantitative information regarding biomass accumulation and partitioning in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is limited or inconclusive. The objective of this study was to obtain baseline values for extinction coefficient (K_S), radiation use efficiency (RUE, g MJ^?1) and biomass partitioning coefficients of chickpea crops grown under well‐watered conditions. The stability of these parameters during the crop life cycle and under different environmental and growth conditions, caused by season and sowing date and density, were also evaluated. Two field experiments, each with three sowing dates and four plant densities, were conducted during 2002–2004. Crop leaf area index, light interception and crop biomass were measured between emergence and maturity. A K_S value of 0.5 was obtained. An average RUE of 1 g MJ^?1 was obtained. Plant density had no effect on RUE, but some effects of temperature were detected. There was no effect of solar radiation or vapour pressure deficit on RUE when RUE values were corrected for the effect of temperature. RUE was constant during the whole crop cycle. A biphasic pattern was found for biomass partitioning between leaves and stems before first‐seed stage. At lower levels of total dry matter, 54 % of biomass produced was allocated to leaves, but at higher levels of total dry matter, i.e. under favourable and prolonged conditions for vegetative growth, this portion decreased to 28 %. During the period from first‐pod to first‐seed, 60 % of biomass produced went to stems, 27 % to pods and 13 % to leaves. During the period from first‐seed to maturity, 83 % of biomass was partitioned to pods. It was concluded that using fixed partitioning coefficients after first‐seed are not as effective as they are before this stage. Environmental conditions (temperature and solar radiation) and plant density did not affect partitioning of biomass.     

Design of Double Layer Torsional Reticulated Shell Using Back- Propagation Neural Network

In this paper artificial neural networks are used for design of large span double layer torsional reticulated shell. The torsional reticulated shells with spans varying between 50.0 - 80.0m are considered, Back -propagation algorithm is employed for training efficient neural networks for evaluation of the maximum deflection, weight and design of double layer torsional reticulated shell. A special method is developed for data ordering to reduce the nonlinearity of data and to increase the speed of training. This approach also provides the necessary stability. It shows that it is feasible to design double layer reticulated shell with artificial neural networks.     

Full Aero-elastic Bridge Model Design of Long Span Arch Bridge

Aero-elastic model design is the precondition of full bridge aero-elastic model tunnel tests. The full aero-elastic bridge model design of long span arch bridge is discussed. The effect on the model design of different transverse rod space and bend stiff is analyzed in detail. Different scheme need to be designed according to the transverse rod stiff. Considering the changing section dimensional arches, the method of projecting the spatial arches to the plane arches, then designing the plane arches, at last projecting the plane arches to the spatial arches is proposed at first. The results show that the method is effective.