河南隐孢子虫分离株的系统发生

以线粒体功能性蛋白替代氧化酶(alternative oxidase,AOX)为研究对象,对隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)分离株进行扩增和测序,并对测得的序列进行种系发育关系研究,以确定不同隐孢子虫分离株之间的进化关系,并以18SrRNA和HSP70基因构建的进化树作参照,评价AOX基因是否适合作隐孢子虫基因分型和进化关系分析的基因座。结果表明,在AOX序列构建的进化树上Cryptosporidum分为两大类:Cryptosporidium baileyi和C.meleagridis处于一个进化枝上,C.hominis、C.suis、C.parvum牛基因型和C.parvum鼠基因型处于另一个进化枝上。在C.parvum内,鼠基因型分离株和猪基因I型(即C.suis)分离株与牛基因型和人基因型(即C.hominis)在AOX基因序列上都存在着差异。鹌鹑源C.meleagridis分离株与禽源C.baileyi3个分离株在AOX基因序列的同源性显著高于前者与C.parvum的同源性,在进化树上C.meleagridis与C.baileyi的亲缘关系也较其与C.parvum密切。AOX基因不仅可作为隐孢子虫分离株种系发育的遗传标记,又为发现隐孢子虫新的遗传特性提供了一种途径。     

Mechanisms of arsenite elimination by Thiomonas sp. isolated from Carnoulès acid mine drainage

Weathering of the arsenopyrite-rich tailings of the Carnoulès abandoned mining site (Gard, France) results in the formation of acid mine waters heavily loaded with arsenic. Dissolved arsenic present in the seepage waters is precipitated within a few meters from the bottom of the tailing dam by microorganisms. From these effluents, we have isolated and characterized a Gram negative bacterium involved in this bioremediation process. This bacterium, which belongs to the Thiomonas genus, is very efficient in removing arsenite from contaminated acidic waters by oxidizing it to arsenate, which precipitates.     

大菱鲆心脏细胞系的建立与鉴定

为丰富海水鱼类细胞系的数量,提供更多的基因功能研究及病毒分离、鉴定工具,本研究建立了一种新的细胞系,大菱鲆心脏细胞系(Scophthalmus maximus heart cell line,SMH).该细胞系使用组织块法(tissue block method)启动原代培养,培养液是添加了胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)、人类碱性成纤维生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)、抗生素、β-巯基乙醇(2-mercaptoethanol,2-ME)、hepes(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)的DMEM/F 12.结果显示,SMH形态呈典型的成纤维细胞样,在培养液中生长分裂旺盛,经230 d传代培养,成功传至58代.用带有绿色荧光蛋白(green fluores-cent protein,GFP)的pEGFP-N3质粒转染SMH,发现GFP在细胞中成功表达,转染效率为40％左右.使用遗传霉素(geneticin,G418)对重组质粒细胞进行筛选,得到了一簇荧光表达效率高的细胞.染色体分析表明,具有正常二倍体核型(2n=44)的细胞占64％.线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase sub-unit Ⅰ,CO Ⅰ)基因鉴定出该细胞系来源于大菱鲆.该细胞系的建立为大菱鲆功能基因及其他基于细胞系的研究奠定了基础,对大菱鲆的病毒感染途径和分子机制研究具有重要的理论意义.     

蚯蚓与黑麦草相互作用对土壤中荧蒽去除的影响

Earthworms can promote the bioremediation of contaminated soils through enhancing plant growth and microorganism development. The individual and combined effects of earthworms and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the removal of fluoranthene from a sandy-loam alluvial soil were investigated in a 70-d microcosm experiment. The experiment was set up in a complete factorial design with treatments in four replicates: without earthworms or ryegrass (control, CK), with earthworms only (E), with ryegrass only (P), and with both earthworms and ryegrass (EP). The residual fluoranthene, microbial biomass C, and polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil changed significantly (P<0.01) with time. In general, the residual concentration of fluoranthene in the soil decreased sharply from 71.8-88.7 to 31.7-37.4 mg kg 1 in 14 d, and then decreased gradually to 19.7-30.5 mg kg 1 on the 70th d. The fluoranthene concentration left in the soil was the least with both earthworms and ryegrass, compared to the other treatments at the end of the experiment. Half-life times of fluoranthene in the E, P, and EP treatments were 17.8%-36.3% smaller than that of CK. More fluoranthene was absorbed by earthworms than ryegrass. However, the total amounts of fluoranthene accumulated in both the ryegrass and earthworms were small, only accounting for 0.01%-1.20% of the lost fluoranthene. Therefore, we assumed that microbial degradation would play a dominant functional role in fluoranthene removal from soil. We found that earthworms significantly increased microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity (P<0.01) in the presence of ryegrass at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity were significantly (P<0.05) and negatively related to the residual fluoranthene concentration. This implied that earthworms might promote the removal of fluoranthene from soil via stimulating microbial biomass C and polyphenol oxidase activity.     

乙烯利对甘蔗茎内IAA氧化酶活性动态变化的影响

测定了甘品种桂粮１１号、桂糖１５号和新台糖１６号节间２的ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性的动态变化以及乙烯利处理后的酶活性变化。结果表明：在甘蔗工艺成熟过程中,茎内ＩＡＡ氧化酶酶活性的变化主要表现为先升后降的变化过程,品种间有差异。乙烯利处理对ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性有影响,其影响效应及影响时间因品种而有差异,主要表现为抑制ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性的早期上升过程,同时钝化ＩＡＡ氧化酶对外界环境的反应,酶活性变化对照波动性要小,影     

云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶研究

 采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续垂直板电泳系统,对30份云南野生和逸生苜蓿材料多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）进行了检测。结果表明：供试材料PPO检测分离出10条酶带,SOD 为6条酶带,二者多态位点百分数均为100%。对酶谱进行谱形分析表明,除1,3,4号3份二倍体材料外,其他材料均具有多条相同的共有谱带,但也存在明显差异;采用类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,表明30份供试材料亲缘关系的远近与地理分布呈一定的相关性。试验结果可以作为研究云南苜蓿资源遗传关系的基础。     

远红外辐射对萎凋叶氧化酶活性及红茶品质的影响

基于远红外特有的光热效应以及光萎凋在茶叶加工中的优越性,通过单因素试验深入分析不同时长和强度的远红外光萎凋对多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及红茶生化成分和感官品质的影响.结果 表明,萎凋叶中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性随远红外光强度的上升而上升,随远红外光时间的延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,POD活性变化...     

大久保桃果实多酚氧化酶某些特性的研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,分析了大久保桃多酚氧化酶(PPO)的最适pH、最适作用温度、酶促动力学参数Km值及其抑制剂。结果表明,大久保桃多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为6.0,最适作用温度34℃,Km=9.7×10-2mmol/L;偏亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、巯基乙醇对大久保桃PPO的活性有较强的抑制作用。     

果蔬酶促褐变的条件及控制方法研究

酶促褐变是引起水果、蔬菜贮存、加工过程中营养价值、外观品质等降低的主要原因之一.果蔬酶促褐变的三个必要生化条件是酚类物质、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和氧气;加热处理、调节pH值和添加抑制剂等均能有效防止果蔬的酶促褐变.     

Catalase peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities and O‐diphenolics contents in sunflower leaves grown with different boron levels

Cataiase, peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities, so as odiphenolics content in sunflower leaves grown in hydroponics with 4 B levels (0.05; 0.25; 0.5 and 2.0 ppm) were determined. The biochemical assays were made when visual symptons were clearly developed.

Cataiase activity significantly increased in B deficient leaves. Peroxidase, IAA‐oxidase activities and o‐diphenolics content did not significantly change with B levels. The lag period for IAA‐oxidase activity was significantly reduced in B deficient and toxic leaves with respect to the normal ones. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that one of the B action could be to enhance cataiase activity, the “in vivo” decrease of H₂O₂ levels beeing the cause of the variation in other enzymatic activities related with that substrate.