铁观音茶叶中茶多酚提取工艺条件的优化

为了探究提取铁观音茶叶中茶多酚的最佳工艺条件,选取了液固比、浸提温度和浸提时间3个指标为因素,采用L9(33)正交试验设计对提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明,各因素对铁观音茶多酚提取的贡献由大到小排列依次为A(液固比)C(浸提时间)B(浸提温度),但这3个因素对茶多酚含量影响的差异不显著;最佳提取工艺条件为:液固比120︰1、浸提温度100℃、浸提时间30 min,在该条件下茶多酚的含量最高,达15.5%。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化油茶壳中多酚类化合物的研究

以油茶壳为原料,采用大孔吸附树脂对油茶壳中多酚的分离纯化工艺条件进行了研究。考察了6种大孔吸附树脂对油茶壳中多酚类化合物的吸附分离性能,确定大孔树脂分离油茶壳中多酚类化合物的工艺条件。结果表明,AB-8树脂对油茶壳中多酚具有良好的吸附分离性能,其工艺条件为:质量浓度为3.78mg/mL,pH值3.7,油茶壳原料液以3BV/h的流速上柱吸附,再用6倍树脂体积的80%乙醇以3 BV/h的流速解吸,产品中多酚含量达61.3%,回收率为77.64%,样品得率为2.95%。     

茶多酚的生物学功能及在畜牧业中的应用概况

茶多酚具有清除自由基、抗氧化等生物学功能,在杀菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤、防癌抗癌、控制心血管疾病、免疫调节等方面具有良好功效。在抗生素、生长激素的毒副作用日益遭到质疑的今天,茶多酚以其生物学功能和“绿色”本质倍受关注。文章就茶多酚的组成、结构、生物学功能、作用机制及其在畜牧业中的应用展开综述。     

Effect of erythropoietin on expression of myocardial NADPH oxidase in pressure overload rats

AIM:To explore the effect of erythropoietin （EPO） on the expression of myocardial NADPH oxidase （Nox） in the pressure overload rats. METHODS:Male SD rats (n=36) were used to establish a pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy model by abdominal aorta ligation. The animals were divided into model group, control group (sham, without narrowing abdominal aorta, the rest of the operation was the same as the model) and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment group (intraperitoneal injection of rhEPO postoperatively, 4 000 U/kg, twice a week). After 8 weeks, the cardiac ultrasound imaging and hemodynamic evaluation were conducted to determine the cardiac functions. Masson staining was used to observe the degree of myocardial fibrosis. The expression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The protein levels of myocardial inflammatory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-β were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and left ventricular pressure maximum rising and falling rates (±dp/dtmax) increased significantly in EPO treatment group (P<0.01). At the same time, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were decreased in EPO treatment group (P<0.01). EPO reduced the degree of myocardial fibrosis caused by pressure overload (P<0.01) and decreased the expression of Nox2 and Nox4 at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the protein expression of myocardial inflammatory factors CD45, F4/80 and TGF-β. CONCLUSION: EPO inhibits rat myocar-dial fibrosis induced by pressure overload, improves heart functions by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity and inhibiting myocardial oxidative stress levels and myocardial inflammatory reaction.     

重金属镉胁迫对大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

研究了在重金属镉胁迫条件下,大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmuspectinirostris)肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的变化。重金属镉胁迫12h时0·5mg/LCd2 组XOD酶活性和对照组比较显著升高(P<0·05);胁迫24h时,大弹涂鱼0·05mg/LCd2 组肝脏的XOD酶活性和对照组比较极显著升高(P<0·01),而0·5mg/LCd2 组酶活性结果却降低;恢复3d时0·5mg/LCd2 又极显著升高(P<0·01)。在镉胁迫解除5d时,3个浓度组的酶活性均极显著降低(P<0·01),其中0·05mg/LCd2 组和0·5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性和对照组酶活性比较无显著差异(P>0·05),5mg/LCd2 组的酶活性极显著低于对照组的酶活性(P<0·01)。实验结果表明,大弹涂鱼肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性对水体中镉污染敏感,有可能用做海洋环境污染的生物标记。     

吸波材料辅助发泡蓝莓果浆微波冷冻干燥的试验研究

针对常规冷冻干燥时间长、能耗高的问题,试验研究了吸波材料辅助的发泡蓝莓果浆微波冷冻干燥过程,并对产品质量进行了评价。制备了未发泡与发泡两种冷冻样品,分别使用石英和碳化硅底盘进行了常规和微波冷冻干燥试验。结果表明,采用石英底盘在30 ℃、15 Pa下,发泡物料的冷冻干燥时间相比于未发泡物料缩短了39.1%。采用碳化硅底盘在相同条件和2 W微波功率下,发泡物料微波冷冻干燥时间比发泡与未发泡物料常规冷冻干燥分别缩短了14.3%和47.8%;当功率提高至4 W时,干燥时间分别缩短了25.0%和54.3%。常规和微波冷冻干燥产品质量相当,总单体花色苷和总多酚的保留率相比于原果浆均分别在80%和75%以上。结果表明,吸波材料辅助的发泡物料微波冷冻干燥能够大幅度缩短干燥时间、提高干燥过程经济性。     

Bipolaris australiensis HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯化、鉴定及其酶学性质

[目的]为了获得B.bipolaris HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯品,确定酶的同源性及其常规酶学性质.[方法]将B.bipolaris HD-1发酵液依次通过硫酸铵盐析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析确定蛋白的纯度、浓度和酶活力;通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）法获得氨基酸序列,并利用Mascot软件在NCBI蛋白库中的比对,以确定同源蛋白来源;用SDS-PAGE方法测其表观分子量;用等电聚焦方法测定等电点;用Linwerver-Burk双倒数作图法测定米氏常数;并对该酶的酶学性质进行了常规的测定.[结果]获得具有胆红素氧化酶酶活性的电泳纯单体蛋白,酶活为46 000 U/L,比活为1.15 U/mg;MALDI-TOF共获得135个氨基酸,该蛋白与来源于Hel-minthosporium tritici-vulgaris的漆酶前体蛋白序列同源性达100％;蛋白的表观分子量为68 kDa;pI为4.1;它对ABTS和胆红素的米氏常数分别为Km（ABTS） =1.8×10-5 mol/L（pH 3.0）和Km（bilirnbin）=2.7×10-5 mol/L（pH 7.5）;对胆红素的最适催化活性为36℃,酶在-40℃下可保持2年,酶活保持在90％以上,在pH 8 ～9.5下可保持相当高的催化胆红素活性,能够耐受高浓度的硝酸钠和尿素,低浓度的叠氮化钠对酶活有促进作用而高浓度则抑制,对氯化钠、溶解氧敏感.[结论]该蛋白具有典型的胆红素氧化酶特性,又存在明显的不同.     

木奈叶片乙醇酸氧化酶基因全长 cDNA的分离与表达研究

乙醇酸氧化酶（ glycolate oxidase,GLO）是植物光呼吸途径中的一种限速酶,催化羟乙酸盐氧化成乙醛酸盐和H2 O2,与植物的诱导抗病性密切相关。试验从已构建好的木奈（ Prunus salicina Lindl．var．cordata J．Y．Zhang et al．）5个不同生长发育时期叶片的均一化全长cDNA文库中分离得到了一个乙醇酸氧化酶（ GLO）基因,命名为PsGLO。序列分析表明,PsGLO基因cDNA全长为1531 bp,开放阅读框为1122 bp,编码374个氨基酸。氨基酸多重序列比对表明,该基因与陆地棉乙醇酸氧化酶基因相似性最高,为90％。荧光定量PCR分析表明, PsGLO基因在木奈叶中木奈叶芽、展开叶、幼叶、成熟叶、老叶5个不同生长发育时期中都有表达,其中,老叶中表达量最高,叶芽最低。     

木薯叶多酚氧化酶的提取及其酶学性质研究

以木薯叶为原料,研究木薯叶多酚氧化酶PPO的最佳提取条件与酶学性质。结果表明,木薯叶PPO 的 最佳提取条件为磷酸缓冲液PBS的pH 值6.8料液比4 mL/g提取时间6 h;木薯叶PPO 酶促反应产物在399 nm 处有最大吸收峰,以邻苯二酚为底物的酶促反应的米氏常数Km=0.8 mol/L动力学方程为V=2000[S]/0.8+[S]该酶最 适温度为37益,最适pH 值为7.0。     

Effect of aluminum uptake on growth and enzyme activity in Pisum sativum var. ‘Alaska’ and ‘Little Marvel’

It is usually assumed that plant tissue responses to nutritional elements are due to specific genetic differences that may exist either between inbred or closely related species. Little Marvel (dwarf) and Alaska (normal) varieties of 14‐day old pea seedlings were treated with four different concentrations of Al‐containing nutrient solution (0.0mM, 0.2mM, 0.6mM and distilled H₂O), prior to being exposed for 14 days to either DARK, LIGHT, or UV. Selected tissues (root tip, main root, main stem and proximal stem) were bioassayed for peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, fresh wt vs. dry wt, water uptake and stem growth. The present study suggests that Little Marvel and Alaska pea tissue responds to high toxicity levels of Al by demonstrating an enhancement of enzymic activity. Tissue weight, growth and water uptake also show differential tissue specificity in both Little Marvel and Alaska tissue, in terms of Al toxicity response, given a particular external exposure.