爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

The Rht13 dwarfing gene reduces peduncle length and plant height to increase grain number and yield of wheat

The green-revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are usually associated with increased wheat yields but are linked to reduced early growth and poor emergence if sowing conditions are unfavourable. Other dwarfing genes are available but not used in commercial breeding. The Rht13 bread wheat donor, Magnif M1, produces uniquely short peduncle and penultimate internodes to reduce plant height. A set of near-isogenic (NILs) and recombinant inbred (RILs) lines varying for height were developed from the cross of Magnif M1 and the Rht8c-containing Chuan-mai 18, and evaluated for a range of agronomic characteristics across favourable environments. Reductions in plant height were associated with increased grain number (r² = 0.35**) and harvest index (r² = 0.62**) in the NILs. Reduced-height RILs containing the Rht13-linked, Xgwm577_M microsatellite marker were significantly shorter, produced greater biomass, yield and harvest index, and increased spike and grain number than lines without the marker. Approximately 74 and 7% of the total phenotypic variance in plant height was accounted for by allelic differences in Xgwm577 and Rht8 loci, respectively. The peduncle and penultimate peduncle internodes of Rht13-containing lines were proportionately shorter than Rht8c-containing sibs and lines containing the Rht-B1b dwarfing allele. The unique height-reducing phenotype, increased grain number and yield associated with Rht13 indicate considerable potential for use of this dwarfing allele for improving wheat performance.     

燕麦DNA导入普通小麦的初步研究

以健壮燕麦（Ａｖｅｎａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）为供体,宁春４号小麦为受体,采用花粉管通道法进行外源ＤＮＡ导入。结果表明,变异株系在生育期、株高、穗长、结实小穗数、千粒重等性状上产生了明显的变异;酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶谱带数与受体相比增加或减少,叶绿素含量和瞬间光合速率偏向供体或受体;并筛选到对小麦条锈病免疫或高抗的部分变异株,表明燕麦ＤＮＡ已导入到小麦中,并得到表达。     

芝麻花粉附着、萌发与花粉管伸长过程研究

以中芝14号为试验材料,采用荧光显微镜和石蜡切片法研究芝麻花粉在柱头上附着、萌发、伸长及在花柱内生长全过程.于授粉后不同时间段连续取样固定,并进行显微观察和数据统计.结果表明,在芝麻柱头上,授粉后5min基本无花粉萌发,10min有极少量花粉萌发,30min大量花粉开始萌发,并长出花粉管.花粉管具明显的绿色荧光,进入羽毛状柱头后继续生长于花柱基部至子房顶部的引导组织内.授粉后2h,生长最快的花粉管已经到达花柱基部,花粉管的平均生长速度约为3.0mm/h.授粉后4h,大量花粉管进入子房.即使在授粉后24h,仍有部分花粉在萌发和生长中.     

Porosity and capillarity of weft knitted spacer structures

A geometrical model of weft knitted spacer structures made with mono-filament yarn has been analysed to understand the spacer yarn path. Theoretical models have been created to predict the porosity and the radius of the capillaries of a knitted spacer structure depending on their geometrical parameters, such as course spacing, wale spacing, stitch length, fabric thickness, count of yarn and fibre density. Polyester knitted spacer fabrics were produced with different parameters; their porosity was determined by measuring the weight and compared with the theoretical porosity. The validity of the model was confirmed by experimental results. The porosity of knitted spacer structures made out of mono-filament yarn can be maintained above a certain level by adjusting the fabric parameters such as fabric thickness, course spacing and wale spacing.     

水稻花粉总蛋白质双向凝胶电泳方法建立及应用

采用石英砂加液氮研磨方法破碎花粉,然后用两种不同的方法提取水稻花粉总蛋白质,之后采用固相pH梯度等电聚焦/SDS PAGE 双向凝胶电泳对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻单核期花粉总蛋白质进行了分离。通过银染显色, PDQuest 2DE软件可识别约1 000~1 500个蛋白质点。其中TCA 丙酮提取法更适合提取花粉总蛋白质进行双向凝胶电泳分离,并可获得分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱。对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻的不育系单核期和二核期花粉总蛋白进行了双向电泳分离,通过比较两个时期花粉蛋白质电泳图谱后发现,二核期的花粉蛋白质较单核期花粉蛋白质数目减少,并且部分蛋白质表达量下降。     

斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数相关性研究

通过现场测定养殖日龄为１６～１８ｄ的斑节对虾的体长、体重和全长,并应用石蜡切片技术对被测虾的中肠腺中部进行细胞计数,研究了斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数的相关性。结果表明,对虾体长与中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数呈密切负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４７）,公式为：Ｃ＝３３０．３６２３２３ｅ－０．０８７３８４Ｌ。对虾体长与体重密切相关（ｒ＝０．９４８）,可用对数回归方程描述：ｌｇＷ＝－１．９２３５７８＋３．０８２８３２ｌｇＬ。对虾体长与全长密切相关（ｒ＝０．９９５）,其线性回归方程为：Ｙ＝－０．１８７１３７＋１．３１６７０５Ｘ。通过这些公式,中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数可由体长直接推算出或由体重和全长间接算出,使斑节对虾杆状病毒感染度的计算更加简单和准确。     

百日草自交系花粉萌发条件及花粉活力研究

研究了不同培养基、采集时间、贮藏温度和湿度等因素对百日草花粉离体培养萌发效果的影响。结果表明:花粉萌发较适宜的培养基为ME3 16%PEG4000 12%蔗糖;上午10:00采集花粉萌发率要显著地高于下午3:00采集的;在4℃湿润条件下贮藏18 h,J6花粉生活力下降较小,而在室温干燥条件下几乎失去活力;相对湿度在66%以下时极不利于花粉保存;11个百日草自交系花粉离体萌发率差异显著。     

油菜秸秆颗粒-石英砂在导向喷动流化床内的流动特性

在内径0.15 m、高1.04 m的有机玻璃导向喷动流化床内,观察了秸秆颗粒-石英砂二元混合物系的流动特性。结果表明:最小喷动流化速度随静止床层高度和秸秆颗粒在混合物中比例的增加而减小;流化气的引入有利于喷动,可使喷动气气速减小,但会使最小喷动流化速度增大。固体循环速率随静止床层高度增加先快速增加后增加趋缓,随秸秆颗粒比例的增加而减小,但秸秆颗粒的循环速率变化不大。随静止床层高度的增加,中心喷泉高度在0.092 m之前快速增加,0.092 m之后有小幅度增加,秸秆颗粒比例增加,中心喷泉高度减小。操作相图可分为固定床、局部喷动流化床、喷动流化床、带出床4部分,喷动流化区域随静止床层高度的增加而减小,随秸秆颗粒在混合物中质量比例的增加而增大。最后,提出了导向管喷动流化床最小喷动流化速度和中心喷泉高度的关联式。     

杂色鲍群体间杂交的杂种优势分析

杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）是中国南方主要的鲍养殖种类,近年来“东优1号”杂色鲍因较高的成活率优势已在产业上得到越来越广泛的推广养殖.该研究采用3×3完全双列杂交的方式,对杂色鲍“东优1号”群体、杂色鲍古雷群体和杂色鲍越南群体3个群体自繁与杂交后代的养殖性能进行跟踪,并对其杂种优势进行评估.结果表明,3个群体自繁后代的生长速度和成活率上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,同时3个组合的生长速度与成活率的双亲杂种优势率值均不高,且2个单亲杂种优势率值之间有显著差异（P＜0.05）.