基体改良效应石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定植物样品中微量钼

本文研究利用460μg/mlNa_2CO _3—1000μg/mlCa_(2+)复合溶液作石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)直接测定植物样品中微量钼的基体改良剂,详细讨论了该改良剂的作用、特性、钼原子化条件和基体干扰情况。使用本试验推荐的基体改良剂,在一定的浓度范围内能彻底消除钼的记忆效应,大大提高测定灵敏度,钼的原子吸收信号增加104.6％,特征性浓度为0.5ng/mlMo,相对偏差(RSD)为2.4％。     

吉林省洮南市白鸡心葡萄栽植管理技术

无核葡萄品种白鸡心在不经药物处理情况下,单粒质量可达8g,赤霉素处理可达10g以上。详细介绍栽植管理技术。     

Allometric Estimates of Aboveground Biomass Using Cover and Height Are Improved by Increasing Specificity of Plant Functional Groups in Eastern Australian Rangelands

Plant aboveground biomass (AGB) is a useful metric to assess ecosystem functioning, and its sensitivity to changing environmental conditions provides insight into potential global change impacts. Allometric estimates of AGB using vegetation characteristics such as plant cover or height provide nondestructive biomass proxies for repeated measurements but can introduce uncertainty to estimates. We estimated the relationship between both plant cover and a cover·height index and AGB for 15 plant species from six sites to identify the most reliable approach to estimate biomass nondestructively in semiarid eastern Australian rangelands. Estimates were made by grouping species at four different levels of specificity, to test whether generic estimates were more robust than grouping species based on life history and morphological characteristics. Estimates were then tested on a 1.5-m² plot at each site for validation. In all cases, models were highly significant (P < 0.001) with adjusted R² values ranging from 0.42 to 0.96 for cover models and 0.38 to 0.98 for cover·height index models. We found the addition of height improved model fits in four groups while reducing model fits in two groups. The error around AGB estimates for cover·height index−based models ranged from −66.8 to 4% (absolute mean 35%). Cover-based models had errors between −13.4% and 53% (absolute mean 14.2%). For cover-based estimates of AGB in validation plots, grouping plants by plant functional types (PFTs) increased accuracy (absolute mean error 17.3%) compared with estimates using data from all 15 species (absolute mean of 65.2%). Overall cover was a useful surrogate to estimate AGB (with the exception of one site, accuracy ranged from −2.3% to 11.5%), while height (thought to be a surrogate for canopy characteristics) provided benefit in a few circumstances. We suggest that future research should test additional nondestructive proxies and group species based on PFTs to improve AGB estimates using allometry.     

上海市金山区节约型园林建设技术

文章介绍了上海市金山区近年来采用的园林树枝循环利用技术、立体绿化建设、植物配置优化、拓展绿化用水来源,以及生态型铺装建设等节约型绿化措施,以期为有效推进节约型园林建设技术发展与应用提供借鉴。       

华北树木群落夏季微气候特征及其对人体舒适度的影响

选择北京奥林匹克森林公园8个植物群落为研究对象,对其夏季日间微气候效应进行了定量化研究,并采用不舒适指数作为评价指标,比较了不同植物群落对人体舒适度影响的差异,最后分析了群落冠层特征对微气候和不舒适指数的影响。结果表明:在夏季高温天气里,植物群落可显著降低空气温度和光照强度,提高相对湿度;与对照点相比,植物群落内的日均降温强度为1.6～2.5 ℃,增湿强度为2.9%～5.2%,遮光率为61.0%～96.9%;与对照点相比,植物群落都能降低一定的不舒适指数,降低不舒适指数率为2.5%～4.3%,不同植物群落间降低不舒适指数率的差异达到了显著水平,表明不同树种的微气候效应具有差异。最后通过对微气候因子、不舒适指数及群落冠层特征的相关性分析,显示它们之间存在显著的相关性,即说明树木的冠层特征（叶面积指数和冠层盖度）对群落的微气候因子和不舒适指数具有重要的调节作用。      

对中国农业植物品种权保护的法律思考

以我国大豆产业兴衰为案例,以我国农业植物品种知识产权保护为视角,分析我国农业植物品种保护存在的问题,在借鉴国外的立法经验基础上,提出完善我国农业知识产权的建议,以期为我国种植业参与国际竞争建立必要的法律保障。     

Variation of acephate susceptibility and correlation with esterase and glutathione S-transferase activities in field populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris

The tarnished plant bug (TPB) has increasingly become an economically important pest of cotton. Heavy dependence on insecticides, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, for TPB control facilitated resistance development to multiple classes of insecticides. To better understand resistance and explore ways to monitor resistance in field populations, this study examined acephate susceptibility and the activities of two major detoxification enzymes in nine field populations collected in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas in 2010. Two Arkansas populations from Reed and Backgate had 3.5- and 4.3-fold resistance to acephate, as compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. Extensive planting of cotton and heavy chemical sprays is a major driving force for resistance development to acephate in Mid-south cotton growing areas. Reduced susceptibility to acephate was highly correlated with elevated esterase activities. The acephate-resistant populations from Backgate, Lula, and Reed consistently had higher (up to 5.3-fold) esterase activities than susceptible populations. Regression analysis of LC₅₀s with kinetic esterase activities revealed a significant polynomial quadratic relationship with R² up to 0.89. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) also had elevated activity in most populations, but the variations of GST activities were not significantly correlated with changes of acephate susceptibility. Finally, examination of esterase and GST inhibitors indicated that suppression rates (up to 70%) by two esterase inhibitors in 2010 were slightly lower than those detected in 2006, and ethacrynic acid (EA) inhibited GST effectively in both years. Two other GST inhibitors (sulfobromophthalein and diethyl maleate) displayed significantly lower suppression rates in 2010 than those detected in 2006, suggesting a potential genetic shift in pest populations and a necessity of continued monitoring for insecticide resistance with both bioassay and biochemical approaches. Results indicated that using major detoxification enzyme activities for resistance monitoring may provide insight into acephate resistance in field populations of TPB.     

土壤与植物中钙营养研究进展

钙的应用非常广泛,它对作物的生长及品质具有重要的影响。通过论述植物与钙的营养机理的整体研究现状及植物对钙的吸收、运转和分布,讨论了钙与激素之间的相互作用,同时阐述了肥料中的钙在土壤中的迁移与转化,并分析了钙与其他营养元素之间的互相作用机理,最后对钙营养研究的进一步发展提出了自己的建议,旨在为钙肥的合理利用提供理论依据。     

海洋放线菌M1D14代谢产物对几种重要植物寄生线虫的抑制作用

采用梯度稀释法室内测定了海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)2龄幼虫及其卵、松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)、大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)2龄幼虫的毒力,同时还测定了经过高温高压灭菌和0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫的毒力。结果表明,海洋放线菌M1D14发酵液代谢产物对南方根结线虫卵的孵化无明显的抑制作用,对南方根结线虫幼虫毒力最强,对松材线虫幼虫毒力次之,对大豆孢囊线虫幼虫的毒力最弱。经过高温高压灭菌和微孔滤膜过滤的M1D14发酵液对南方根结线虫仍有毒力。M1D14杀线虫谱广、效果好、使用成本低,在生产上具有很好的应用前景。