遮阴对大豆幼苗光合和荧光特性的影响

为了探寻不同遮阴条件下大豆幼苗叶片的光合响应机理及寻求适度的遮阴比例,本试验模拟田间玉/豆套作,以强耐阴“南豆12号”和弱耐阴“桂夏3号”2个大豆品种为材料,在不遮阴、半侧遮阴(30%,50%,70%)和全遮阴(50%)5个不同遮阴方式下,测定了不同生育期遮阴和复光后大豆幼苗叶片色素含量、光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,随着遮阴程度增加,大豆幼苗叶片的色素含量和初始荧光强度(F₀)增加,叶绿素a/b值变小;光合速率(P_n)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)呈先升后降趋势,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则呈先降后升的趋势。遮阴胁迫对2个大豆品种幼苗第四复叶期的影响最为显著。2个品种间比较,“南豆12号”和“桂夏3号”在弱遮阴下都能通过改变色素组分比例、促进光合电子传递等途径提高光能潜力的利用来适应弱光环境。在强遮阴胁迫下,“南豆12号”的PSⅡ反应中心抗胁迫能力更强,“桂夏3号”则不能及时耗散过剩光能,导致光合机构受到破坏。     

紫花苜蓿根腐新病原-厚垣镰孢菌生物学特性研究

针对紫花苜蓿根腐致病菌厚垣镰孢菌(Fusarium chlamydosporum)在不同温度、光照、p H和多种碳氮源条件下的生物学特性,采用菌饼法进行了测定,并对不同碳氮源下菌落产色素情况进行了连续观察。结果表明:该病原菌在5~40℃均可生长,最适温度为25℃;当p H 4.0~12.0时均能生长,最适宜p H为7.0;全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长,菌丝生长最适碳源、氮源分别为山梨醇和蛋白胨,碳源氯醛糖及除蛋白胨以外8种氮源均不利于菌丝的生长。含不同碳氮源培养基可诱导菌丝产生不同色素,且颜色变化差异大,在不同的生长阶段,色素颜色也会发生变化。     

大花飞燕草色素提取及其稳定性考察

以大花飞燕草为原料提取色素,通过响应面法优化工艺条件,并考察其稳定性。结果表明,大花飞燕草色素的最佳提取工艺为：提取时间49．5min,提取温度48℃,料液比1：49g／mL,乙醇浓度为95％,稳定性试验表明,大花飞燕草色素在pH值为3-6的范围内较为稳定,温度超过70℃稳定性较差,光照会使色素稳定性明显下降。Fe^3＋使色素稳定性明显下降,K^＋、Na^＋、Mg^2＋、Zn^2＋对其基本无影响,NaCl、蔗糖、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、VC、Cu^2＋和Al^3＋对其具有护色作用。     

Abnormal ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma in the dog

The combined occurrence of ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma has been described in Cairn Terriers. Recently, this condition was also observed in two other breeds: the Boxer (two cases) and the Labrador Retriever (one case). Six dogs were referred to the Ophthalmology section of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and to a private referral clinic because of glaucoma or blindness in one or both eyes. In five cases ophthalmic examination showed pigment depositions in the sclera around the entire circumference of the perilimbal zone. Eight enucleated eyes (four eyes of two Cairn Terriers, three eyes of two Boxers and one eye of a Labrador Retriever) were examined microscopically. All eyes showed the same findings: an extensive infiltration of large melanin-containing cells with an eccentric nucleus, located in the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroids and sclera. Transmission electron microscopy of two of the examined eyes revealed that the morphology of most of these cells was consistent with melanophages. While reports in the veterinary literature concerning this condition are limited the cells concerned have been described to be melanocytes. Further research is needed to conclusively identify the cell type. As described in the present report, the histologic and transmission electron microscopic findings suggest a different etiology of the ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma compared with the pigment dispersal syndrome in humans.     

青藏高原几种高山植物的光合生理特性

以14种高寒草甸植物为材料,研究分析植物叶片的光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,以探究高寒草甸植物适应青藏高原极端环境的光合生理机制。结果表明,黄花鸢尾(Iris pseudoacorus)、美丽风毛菊(Saussurea pulchra)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)和天蓝苜蓿(Medicago lupulina)叶片的单位面积叶绿素含量分别比黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)高284.83%、200.56%、171.35%和148.31%,叶片PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量分别高79.99%、73.94%、68.37%和63.90%,叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率也具有相同的变化趋势;而黄花鸢尾、美丽风毛菊、兰石草(Lancea tibetica)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)叶片的单位叶面积类胡萝卜素含量分别比天蓝苜蓿高393.93%、348.48%、260.61%和233.33%,其叶片的非光化学猝灭也显著高于天蓝苜蓿;黄帚橐吾、珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparnm）和柔软紫苑(Aster flaccidus)叶片的叶绿素a/b值高于2.91,能适应较强光照,而天蓝苜蓿叶片的叶绿素a/b值小于2.5,常生长于植被下层,说明植物能够通过调整光合色素含量和构成而合理有效地利用光能以适应特殊的环境条件。     

低温胁迫下毛竹叶片色素质量分数与反射光谱的相关性

为了探讨低温处理后毛竹Phyllostachys edulis叶片反射光谱特性与色素质量分数的相互关系,筛选出能够准确监测低温胁迫下毛竹伤害程度的光谱参数。测定了低温处理后毛竹叶片色素质量分数与反射光谱的变化参数,分析叶片光谱反射率、微分光谱及特征参数与色素质量分数的相关性。结果表明:随着温度的降低,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素质量分数呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。反射光谱参数光谱反射指数、改良红边比、色素比值指数、归一化植被指数、红边归一化指数、改良类胡萝卜素指数和光化学反射指数等均随着温度的降低而降低(P<0.01);红边面积随着胁迫加深不断减小,红边位置向短波方向移动。在绿光区和红光区,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素质量分数与光谱反射率及微分光谱显著相关(P<0.05),且与大部分光谱参数达到极显著相关(P<0.01),说明反射光谱特征及其参数可用来估算叶片色素质量分数。图4表5参40     

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。     

添食色素对家蚕茧质影响的研究

家蚕是一种产业化生产的经济昆虫 ,家蚕彩色茧的开发与产业化利用 ,有望为丝绸业带来新的绿色活力.本实验采用色素添食法生产彩色茧 ,研究了添食色素对结茧率和全茧量、茧层量、茧层率的影响.结果发现 :添食红色素对结茧率和茧质无显著影响 ,添食橙色2号色素其茧质成绩有所提高.     

Genetic variation of in vivo muscle glycerol,glycogen, and pigment in Danish purebred pigs

Heritability values of glycerol, glycogen and pigment concentrations measured on muscle biopsy samples from longissimus dorsi obtained from 85?kg boars of Danish purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and their genetic correlations to performance and meat quality traits were calculated. The heritability values of glycogen, pigment, and glycerol were 0.38±0.02, 0.17±0.02, and 0.065±0.016, respectively. Glycogen was negatively related to the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (r _g =?0.25±0.06) and ultimate meat pH (r _g =?0.41±0.04), and positively to the carcass meat percentage (r _g =0.35±0.04), L* (lightness of meat, r _g =0.32±0.04) and a* (redness of meat, r _g =0.12±0.03). Pigment was positively related to the FCR (r _g =0.12±0.05), the meat percentage (r _g =0.28±0.05), and a* (r _g =0.59±0.04), and negatively to the L* (r _g =?0.46±0.06). The concentrations of pigment and glycogen (r _g =0.27±0.05) were interrelated. Based on the heritability values and the signs of the genetic correlations the present data suggest that it is possible to select for higher ultimate pH and improved colour by selection for either lower muscle glycogen or higher pigment concentration, respectively. However, the positive genetic correlation between these two traits may restrict the efficiency of simultaneous selection for lower glycogen and higher pigment. All genetic parameter estimates presented are calculated across three purebreds. Values for each breed are warranted for use in pig production. However, this requires more animals per breed.     

“荧光”蚕品种雌雄荧光色素的定性及相对量分析

用高效液相色谱分析和纸上色层分析法 ,对家蚕“荧光”品种雌雄幼虫和茧层的荧光色素进行了定性和相对量分析。结果表明 :构成雌雄茧层荧光色素的种类无显著差异 ,雌雄茧荧光色不同的原因是组成茧荧光色的各种荧光色素相对量不同 ;茧层中的一种Rf值为 0 77的黄荧光色素 ,在熟蚕丝腺中没有检出 ,说明营茧过程中有新的荧光物质形成或有较大的变化 ;5龄幼虫不同发育时期 ,雌雄各荧光色素的相对量不同 ,以荧光黄色素为例 ,雄性随日龄的增加其相对量不断增加 ,而雌性则以 5龄 96h为最高 ,其后逐渐下降 ;雌性幼虫肠壁组织中的Rf值为0 19和 0 5 9的两种明黄色荧光色素 ,雄性幼虫和雌性幼虫的其它组织中没有检出 ,说明雌雄幼虫在色素代谢上也存在差异