国麦1号播期播量对群体发育及产量的影响

2002-2003年度在大田高产栽培条件下安排了国麦1号播期、播量裂区试验,对其群体结构指标、幼穗发育、产量与产量构成因素进行了观察和测定分析。结果表明,在本年度生态条件下,国麦1号的幼穗发育进程略晚于豫麦49。不同播期对产量、穗数、穗粒数影响不大,对千粒重影响明显,处理间差异达到显著水平;不同播量对产量、穗数影响均达到显著水平,对穗粒数的影响达到极显著水平。在河南省中部地区种植,可掌握在10月6日左右播种,基本苗控制在150万/hm2左右。     

施氮时期对“扬稻6号”水稻谷壳生长和谷粒充实度的影响

设计基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥、粒肥等 7个施氮期处理 ,研究其对“扬稻 6号”谷壳生长、谷粒充实及粒重的影响。结果表明 :与不施肥相比 ,施用基肥有利于扬稻 6号谷壳增大 ;施用粒肥有利于谷粒充实 ;施用分蘖肥既可促进谷壳增大 ,又可促进谷粒充实 ,从而使粒重显著增加 ;施用促花肥、保花肥或在基肥的基础上过多施用穗粒肥 ,虽可增加籽粒的充实度 ,但使谷壳明显变短变窄 ,粒重比对照显著降低 ;粒重与谷壳的长度、宽度和投影面积均呈极显著正相关 ,相关系数依次为 0 9396 、0 94 86 和 0 9894 ;粒重高低主要取决于谷壳的大小     

不同栽培因素对吉菜豆1号产量的影响

"吉菜豆1号"为吉林省农科院经济植物研究所培育出的优良菜豆新品种,以其为材料,研究了肥料种类、种植密度、施肥量及播期对其产量的影响,并筛选出最佳的栽培组合。最终确定本试验条件下,A_2B_1C_2D_1即肥料2(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=12∶18∶15),株距40cm,施肥量35kg/667m^2,播期4月28日为最佳栽培组合,并为"吉菜豆1号"在吉林省地区的标准化栽培提供依据。     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.     

Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.     

播期对川中丘陵区油菜倒伏性状的影响

油菜机械化生产中,植株倒伏是影响机械化收获的重要因素。为探讨不同播种期对川中丘陵区油菜倒伏性状的影响,以川油36和蓉油18为供试材料,分别设置9月22日、9月29日、10月6日、10月13日和10月20日5个播期处理,分析不同播期条件下油菜生育期气象因子、倒伏性状指标的变化情况。结果表明,随播种期推迟,油菜生育期内的降水量、积温、日均最高气温、日均最低气温和日照时长均逐渐下降,生育期逐渐缩短,成熟期植株株高、分枝部位、根颈粗、茎秆粗降低,倒伏系数增加。油菜抗倒伏能力在9月22-29日播期处理之间最强。因此,川中丘陵区油菜的适宜播期为9月下旬。     

冀北坝上地区荞麦品种的适宜播期分析

研究冀北坝上地区不同播期对荞麦品种农艺性状和产量的影响。选用甜荞品种日本大粒和苦荞品种冀苦荞1号2个荞麦品种,设5月11日（B1）、5月18日（B2）、5月25日（B3）、6月2日（B4）、6月9日（B5）5个播期,对2个品种进行连续3年（2013-2015年）播种试验。试验结果表明,播期对甜荞日本大粒和冀苦荞1号的农艺性状和产量都有一定影响,综合评价确定日本大粒和冀苦荞1号在冀北坝上地区的最适播期均为5月中下旬（5月11日-5月25日）。     

不同采收期对阿克苏富士苹果贮藏品质的影响

以阿克苏红富士苹果为试材,研究了不同采收期对采后果实品质的影响,为苹果选择合理的采收期和保持果实良好的贮藏品质提供依据。结果表明:采收期对苹果呼吸高峰的出现时间影响较小,但对呼吸高峰的峰值影响明显;早期采收的果实硬度较大,但失重率也明显高于其他晚采果实;适宜采收期采收的果实在贮藏期间,其VC、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量变化幅度小。用于鲜食的果实可在10月22左右采收,此时果肉硬度为10.01 kg/cm2,固酸比为29.16,口感酸甜。用于长期贮藏的阿克苏红富士苹果的最佳采收期为11月1日左右,低温贮藏150 d后果实硬度≥8.79 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量≥14.67%。     

Seed growth of three perennial ryegrass cultivars sown on two dates and treated with trinexapac ethyl straw shortener

First‐year crops of diploid perennial ryegrass (cvs. Meridian, Bronsyn and Grasslands Impact) were sown on 1 April and 14 May 2008. Applications of trinexapac ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator at 0, 200 and 400 g a.i. ha^?1 were used to shorten stems to examine the impact of seed growth. Seed filling followed a consistent sigmoidal growth pattern with a lag phase of 127°C days, and linear duration of 390°C days. Time to 95% of final seed weight was 517°C days. Seed yield increases from TE were from higher numbers of first‐grade seeds m^?2, achieved by a higher rate of seed filling during the linear phase of 0·115 mg per °C day per spike. For all cultivars, the maximum stem dry weight occurred at 310–400°C days post‐anthesis, which suggest the stem was a strong sink. As seeds developed, their demand for assimilate increased and they drew more from the stem. At harvest, stem weights from TE treatments were 25% heavier than at anthesis, while untreated ‘Bronsyn’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ stems were similar to those at anthesis. Thus, stems treated with TE contributed assimilates to increase seed yield but were still a net sink with assimilates in the stem at harvest. Trinexapac ethyl rate induced an inverse relationship between seed yield and stem height. This showed that competition for assimilate between stems and growing seeds limited the seed yield. Management or genetic factors that reduce stem height are likely to increase seed yields of perennial ryegrass.     

新型具有力感知的柔性果蔬采摘机械手研究

研发了基于设施农业的果蔬采摘机械手,包括具有3个旋转关节自由度的采摘机械臂及具有力反馈功能的三指果蔬采摘末端执行器,并对其控制系统进行了开发。通过采摘模拟试验,验证了其作业性能、采摘效果。试验结果表明:采摘机械手各关节与控制系统配合良好,运行稳定;采摘末端执行器手指控制灵活,传感器响应灵敏,能够实现稳定抓取并不损伤果实,具有推广价值。