沙棘属植物的生物化学和药理学研究综述

本文通过系统查阅以往文献资料,综合归纳了国内外专家在沙棘黄酮、沙棘油等主要营养成分的提取工艺,及其生物化学和药理学研究进展.对今后生产中沙棘黄酮、沙棘油的提取和应用提出进行了初步讨论和建议.     

七味胆膏汤的体内抑菌作用研究

用血清药理学方法,观察七味胆膏汤的体内抑菌作用,并探讨七味胆膏汤的最佳采血时间。七味胆膏汤给大耳白兔连续3d灌胃给药,最后一次给药后0．5、1、2、4h取血,制备含药血清,观察对大肠杆菌、志贺氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌的抑菌作用。结果表明：七味胆膏汤含药血清对大肠杆菌、志贺氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌均有抑菌作用,与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0．01）,且大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌2h组与其它各试验组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,说明口服给药2h组抑菌作用最强．为给药后嚣仕采血时间.     

兽医药理学教学方法与手段的改革与实践探讨

兽医药理学是动物药学及动物医学专业的骨干基础专业课,包括理论和实验教学两部分。本着理论联系实际的原则,在传统教学手段的基础上利用现代化教学手段,并通过开放实验室、加强社会实践、培养学生创新能力、努力激发和培养学生学习兴趣、不断提高教师素质等教学方法的改革,提高了教师教学水平与学生的综合素质,极大地增强了学生的就业能力。主要对兽医药理学课程教学方法与手段的改革进行了探讨。     

The effect of breed,sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle

Ivermectin (IVM) is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide and has become the drug of choice for anthelmintic and tick treatment in beef cattle production. It is known that pharmacokinetic parameters are fundamental to the rational use of a drug and food safety and these parameters are influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IVM in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbreed cattle (B. indicus × B. taurus) kept under same field conditions and the possible impacts of sex and IVM formulation (1% and 3.15%). It was observed that IVM concentration was significantly affected by breed. The plasma concentrations of IVM, AUC, C_max, and t_1/2β were significantly higher in B. indicus compared to B. taurus. Crossbreed animals showed an intermediate profile between European and Indian cattle. No alteration in pharmacokinetics parameters was detected when comparing different gender. Concerning the pharmacokinetic data of IVM formulation, it was verified that T_max, AUC, and t_1/2β were higher in 3.15% IVM animals than those from 1% IVM formulation. The results clearly indicated that the IVM plasma concentrations in B. indicus were higher than that in B. taurus.     

Pregabalin alleviates clinical signs of syringomyelia-related central neuropathic pain in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the efficacy and benefit-risk profile of pregabalin (PGN) to reduce the clinical signs of central neuropathic pain (CNeP) as reflected by scratching episodes in dogs with symptomatic syringomyelia (SM).Study designRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.AnimalsA total of 12 client-owned Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (age, 1.1–7.4 years, bodyweight, 8.2–10.8 kg) with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed SM and clinical signs of CNeP.MethodsDogs were randomized to either PGN 150 mg or placebo for 25 days, followed by 48 hour washout period before crossover to the alternate phase of 25 days. The primary outcome was defined as number of scratching events during 10 minutes of video-recorded physical activity. Treatment effect was estimated using a generalized estimation equation model. Benefit-risk and quality of life assessments were obtained through owner interviews focusing on potential adverse events.ResultsThe treatment effect estimate was an 84% (95% confidence interval = 75–89%) reduction in mean number of scratching events relative to baseline compared with placebo (p < 0.0001). Owner-assessed satisfactory quality of life was status quo and rated as ‘good’ or ‘could not be better’ in six/11 dogs and improved in four/11 dogs. The most prevalent adverse events were increased appetite in nine/12 dogs and transient ataxia in nine/12 dogs. There was one dog withdrawn by the owner 7 days after crossover to PGN owing to persistent ataxia. No dogs needed rescue analgesia during the trial.Conclusions and clinical relevancePGN is superior to placebo in the reduction of clinical signs of SM-related CNeP in dogs. At a dose range of 13–19 mg kg^–1 orally twice daily, the encountered adverse events were acceptable to all but one owner.     

基于网络药理学分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机制

利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和herb数据库检索收集桑叶的化学成分和靶点,运用Cytoscape3.7.2软件、NCBI数据库、STRING数据库构建并分析桑叶化合物-靶点网络和蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析,藉以分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机理。结果表明,共筛选到槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素和花生四烯酸等30个有效活性成分,这些成分作用于221个靶点。其中IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等为核心靶点。GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析显示靶点的作用涉及分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成3个方面,并参与到NOD样受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞凋亡等多条代谢通路。本研究表明,理论上桑叶基于IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等靶点可以调控鸡的抗氧化作用,为进一步的试验验证及桑叶作为抗氧化功能饲料添加剂的开发提供了启示。     

兽医药理学实验教学改革的探索

兽医药理学实验教学是兽医药理学课程的重要组成部分,为了适应学科发展和社会对兽医人才的需求,广西大学动物科学技术学院在教学过程中对兽医药理学实验教学环节进行了改革和探索,旨在提高兽医药理学实验教学质量和学生的综合素质。     

天麻的栽培及其临床应用

天麻是无根、叶的兰科植物，土中的块茎靠蜜环菌供给养料，其栽培关键是良种、优菌、凉爽、湿润。以活性成分1～10克／日的用量将其用于镇痛、抗惊厥（对照是甲基多巴，0．5～2．0克／日），临床研究表明：天麻能明目、降血压、缓心率、增加心输出量：天麻蜜环菌片可治疗神经衰弱、高血压、冠心病所致的头晕、头痛、心绞痛等症，有效率达80％以上。并指出繁育优质种源利于提高天麻产量并保持药性。     

红豆杉属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

红豆杉属植物是提取抗癌新药物紫杉醇(Taxol)的原料植物。本文综述了国产红豆杉属植物的种类及分布、化学成分研究、药理作用及临床应用等方面的研究,并提出了存在的问题及今后发展的方向。     

云南省特产植物药臭参的开发利用价值研究

臭参是云南高山林区的一种特产植物药，有着悠久的栽培和食用历史，连同野生的在内，资源十分丰富。根部除含有基本营养成分以外，还含有丰富的维生素B和微量元素，特别是维生素B，与其它食，药用根茎类相比，含量高出了3－84倍。科研成果表明，臭参能够补气血，通经络，助消化，其原理主要就是因为含有药理学功效成分维生素B。结合其资源优势，生态优势，市场和科研成果分析来看，臭参具有很高的开发利用价值。