大孔树脂吸附法纯化火龙果皮甜菜色素工艺

为充分利用火龙果资源,提高其经济效益,以粉红龙品种火龙果皮的甜菜色素提取液为主要原料,通过对吸附比、解吸率的检测,从S-8、AB-8、HPD-600、NKA-9和NKA-11 5种型号大孔树脂中选取最适甜菜色素的大孔吸附树脂,并探讨上样流速对动态吸附比的影响,乙醇浓度、解析液流速以及解析液pH对动态解析率的影响。结果表明:纯化火龙果皮甜菜色素最佳树脂型号为S-8,上样流速为6BV/h,乙醇浓度60%,解析液pH 6.0、解析液流速4BV/h。该条件下,经纯化后的甜菜色素液呈大红色,色泽通透,具有较好的应用前景。     

春播超甜玉米籽粒果皮厚度与可溶性总糖含量在灌浆期间的变化

试验对9个不同熟期的超甜玉米品种以授粉后不同时间采收果穗籽粒可溶性总糖含量进行测定,及对籽粒3个面的果皮厚度采用显微测微法进行测量与方差分析。结果表明:不同熟期的超甜玉米品种籽粒的3个面的果皮厚度在授粉后灌浆期间均出现相对独立的变化趋势,同时不同品种的可溶性总糖含量均在授粉后18～22 d出现了最大值,结合两者分析,春季播种的不同熟期超甜玉米适宜采摘期不同,早熟的超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第18天左右,中熟超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第20天左右,迟熟超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第22天左右。     

微波辅助提取苹果皮中原花青素的工艺研究

[目的]优化微波辅助提取苹果皮中原花青素的工艺。[方法]采用微波辅助技术提取苹果皮中原花青素。在单因素试验的基础上,采用L16(45)正交试验设计,研究乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比和微波功率对苹果皮原花青素得率的影响。[结果]在苹果皮原花青素得率的各影响因素中,影响程度依次为:料液比>乙醇浓度>提取温度>微波功率>提取时间。微波辅助提取苹果皮原花青素的最佳工艺条件为:以50%乙醇为提取溶剂,采用料液比为1∶5 g/ml,在80℃和120 W时提取5 min,此条件下原花青素得率为2.86mg/g。[结论]研究可为提高苹果皮的利用率和工业化生产高附加值的原花青素提供理论依据。     

Comparison of physiological and yield traits between purple- and white-pericarp rice using SLs

Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice.     

菠萝皮发醇生产饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究

菠萝皮是菠萝加工产生的副产物,为了将菠萝加工企业废弃的菠萝皮有效利用,实现资源的再生,缓解目前蛋白饲料的不足,进行了本研究.结果表明,采用绿色木霉和产朊假丝酵母混合菌种发酵,添加麸皮20%、硫酸铵3%、尿素2%,料水比11,自然pH值,30℃发酵5 d,发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量提高到25.38%,经水洗后的粗蛋白含量提高到17.03%,检测的16种氨基酸含量均有很大幅度的提高,其总和从2.89%提高到15.6%,提高率达到439.8%.产品气味芳香,适口性大为改善,可用做牛、羊和鱼等养殖的低蛋白能量饲料.     

甜玉米果皮厚度遗传分析及 QTL 定位

【目的】对甜玉米果皮厚度性状进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析及 QTL 定位,研究甜玉米果皮厚度 的遗传机理,选育优质甜玉米品种。【方法】选用果皮厚度差异显著的甜玉米自交系 T15 与 T77 配制杂交组合 T77×T15。以该组合的 F2 群体作为试验材料,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传方法进行遗传模型分析;结合 F2 群 体各单株的果皮厚度及 SSR 遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法对甜玉米果皮厚度进行 QTL 定位。【结果】甜 玉米果皮厚度的最适模型为 A-1,即受 1 对主基因控制的加性和部分显性的遗传模型,主基因遗传率 69.10%。 在第 5、8 染色体上分别检测出 3 个与果皮厚度相关的 QTL,其中第 5 染色体 bin5.04 区域检测到 2 个 QTL, 分别位于标记区间 bnlg150~bnlg653 和 bnlg653~bnlg1208,加性效应值分别为 -2.39 和 -3.01;位于第 8 染色体 的 QTL 在 bin8.03~bin8.04 区域,标记区间为 umc1741~bnlg2046,加性效应值为 -3.06,表型贡献率为 22.02%。 【结论】甜玉米果皮厚度以主基因效应为主,在育种实践中可在早期世代进行遗传改良选择。试验检测到的 QTL 可用于分子标记辅助选择和品质育种。     

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province,China

Weedy rice(Oryza sativa f. spontanea), the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes(approximately 6.4 kb). In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms(π = 0.19) and the proportion of segregation sites(θw = 0.28) of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA(π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07). Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice(O. sativa) varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.     

乙烯与1-甲基环丙烯对荔枝采后果皮褐变的影响

乙烯处理虽然诱导了荔枝果皮多酚氧化酶（PPO）及过氧化物酶（POD）活性的提高，在一定程度上提高了荔枝果实的乙烯释放量和呼吸速率，但对果皮褐变指数和果实营养成分没有显著影响；1－甲基环丙烯（1－MCP）处理对荔枝果实的呼吸、乙烯、PPO、POD及营养成分均无显著影响，也不能延缓果皮褐变，表明荔枝果皮褐变是一个对乙烯不敏感的生理过程，也表明了果皮褐变不能简单地归结为PPO及POD催化的酶促褐变。     

套袋惠民短枝红富士果皮细胞超微结构的观察

用扫描电镜和透射电镜对惠民短枝红富士苹果果皮细胞的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,套袋 苹果果皮细胞大小均匀、排列整齐、角质层加厚均匀,细胞壁内胞间连丝等输导系统发达,细胞壁各组成成分之间 结合稳定。而未套袋苹果在这些方面都表现出较大差异。     

安徽地方枣种质抗裂性评价及果皮组织结构特点研究

裂果是影响枣产业发展的重要问题之一。为了明确安徽地方枣种质抗裂特性,为筛选抗裂种质及生产提供依据。通过连续多年观察发现,安徽地方枣品种存在3种裂果方式(纵裂、纵裂+横裂、不规则裂)和4个裂果等级(极抗裂、抗裂、中等和易裂)。在极抗裂和抗裂类型中,加工及制干品种占的比例较大,中等及易裂类型中鲜食品种占的比例较大,且多为优良鲜食品种。不同抗裂程度品种的果皮结构差异明显,加工类品种的蜡质层厚,果实表皮细胞层数多(6~7层)、细胞厚度均匀,多表现为抗裂性强;鲜食类品种的蜡质层薄,果实表皮细胞层数少(3~4层),表现为抗裂性弱。蜡质层厚度、表皮细胞层数作为评价枣果抗裂能力具有参考价值。