浅析花卉命名存在的问题及原因

本文总结了花卉命名中存在同名异物、同物异名以及种属不当和大小属的问题,并从历史、商业等方面分析了原因,同时针对不同的问题提出了一些建议。     

寒地多年生麦草新种质的形态学分析与细胞学检测

为丰富北方寒地牧草品种,选育适合北方寒冷地区种植的优势牧草,以八倍体小偃麦(Trititrigia)与中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)杂交后代选育的10份寒地多年生麦草新种质为材料,借助我国东北哈尔滨地区的气候特点,对其进行形态学分析和细胞学鉴定。结果表明:10份材料田间自然生长年限超过3a,均具有抗寒性和多年生特性,可在哈尔滨地区-30℃环境下安全过冬;根系发达,除2个株系8LF2 1-1-4和11LF3 1-1-4外,其他株系具有地下茎。植株生长繁茂,有5个株系总分孽数超过40,2个株系穗长超过24cm。株系11LF3 1-1-4和11LF4 1-18-1结实率平均值在80%以上,远高于亲本中间偃麦草;10份材料种子发芽率在60%~90%;株系5Q10L1-18-1茎秆干重可达1.7kg·m~(-2)。10个株系根尖体细胞染色体为42条,遗传稳定,植株均表现抗旱、抗寒,抗病等特性。本研究可为北方寒地的牧草选育提供理论和材料基础。     

Systemic View on Heading and Overwintering: Are They Always Opposed?

The study investigated the cultivars of non‐obligatorily requiring vernalization plant Festulolium braunii and assessed the influence of non‐hardy reproductive and hardy vegetative structures on overwintering effect. The study was conducted taking into account systemic relations between these types of structures. The results show the cultivars differ according to the percentage of headed and overwintered plants, when the cultivars with the most abundant heading – ‘Felopa’ and ‘Sulino’ – are also better at overwintering. The positive correlation between heading and overwintering characteristics was also observed, what seemed to be a rather new finding. It can be explained by systemic effect: non‐hardy later reproductive structures induce the post‐generative regrowth of vegetative shoots, which during shorter days halt development and become potentially hardy. More detailed interpretation is also provided including discussion of causal mechanisms of the detected phenomenon. The authors suppose that these mechanisms constitute a survival strategy for such perennial plants. The observed late heading which represents reproductive structures could be applied in plant breeding as a marker of winter‐hardiness among perennial grass plants which non‐obligatorily demand vernalization.     

高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地种间竞争效应分析

从高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落的种问竞争机制出发,建立了适合高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落种间竞争机制的Lotka—Volterra竞争效应模型,并对该模型所描述的竞争进行了计算机模拟试验。模拟结果表明,试验所选的3种高寒地区3组分禾草混播草群的种间相容性分为两种类型,即不稳定的群落：多叶老芒麦 无芒雀麦 垂穗披碱草和垂穗披碱草 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,其竞争结局是：群落内多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草二者共同表现为优势种群,无芒雀麦或扁穗冰草与优势植物的竞争结果将导致其从群落中消失,多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草种群将能稳定共存;不稳定-稳定过渡群落：无芒雀麦 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,在没有多叶老芒麦种群的时候,无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群可以共存,但是如果多叶老芒麦种群加入无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草所占的区域,它将导致无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群趋于灭绝。通过对3个混播试验组计算机模拟竞争模型的竞争效应分析,其结果与方法对科学建植同类型的多年生混播人工草地具有一定的指导意义。     

不同生育时期白三叶与黑麦草的化感作用研究

试验用分枝期,开花期和成熟期的白三叶品种海法以及分蘖期,孕穗期和成熟期的2个黑麦草品种顶峰、英斯派的根水浸提液处理,按照培养皿砂培的生物检测方法对白三叶和黑麦草的化感作用进行研究。结果表明:分枝期白三叶根浸体液对顶峰的发芽率具有显著的抑制作用,对顶峰苗长具有极显著抑制作用,抑制率分别为90.72%、48.61%;开花期白三叶根浸提液对顶峰及英斯派的发芽率、英斯派根长及顶峰根干重均具有极显著的抑制作用,抑制率分别为35.14%、36.17%、69.18%、68.34%,对英斯派的根干重具有显著的抑制作用,抑制率为49.52%;成熟期白三叶的根浸提液对3个受体的发芽率及根长均具有极显著的促进作用,分别比对照提高67.09%、54.21%、69.21%及93.08%、93.14%、93.04%,对顶峰的根干重具有极显著的促进作用,与对照相比提高了85.42%;顶峰及英斯派是他感作用大于自毒作用的黑麦草品种,且在分蘖期及孕穗期,黑麦草不同品种的根浸提液都显著的抑制了白三叶的干物重。     

6种多年生牧草对幼龄果园的影响

通过在幼龄果园间作6种多年生牧草,结果表明,幼龄果园土壤含水量增加,杂草生长得到抑制,6种多年生牧草品种在果园间作的适宜度大小顺序为:白三叶(Haifa)>紫花苜蓿(Empress 2000)>杂三叶(Aurora)>沙打旺(普通)>鸭茅(Amba)>多年生黑麦草(Toya)。     

Drought responses of six ornamental herbaceous perennials

Although low water use landscaping is becoming common in arid regions, little is known about drought tolerance and drought responses of many ornamental plants, especially herbaceous perennials. Drought responses were assessed for six herbaceous ornamental landscape perennials in a 38 l pot-in-pot system in northern Utah over a 2-year period. The first year was an establishment period. During the second year, drought responses were evaluated for established Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Lavandula angustifolia P. Mill., Leucanthemum × superbum (J.W. Ingram) Berg. ex Kent, ‘Alaska’, Penstemon barbatus Roth var. praecox nanus rondo, and Penstemon × mexicali Mitch. ‘Red Rocks’. Plants were irrigated at frequencies of 1 (control), 2, or 4 weeks between June and September, simulating well-watered conditions, moderate drought, or severe drought. Osmotic potential (Ψ_s), gas exchange, visual quality, leaf area, and dry weight were assessed. In a confined root zone, P. barbatus showed the greatest tolerance to all levels of drought, avoiding desiccation by increasing root:shoot ratio and decreasing stomatal conductance as water became limiting. L. angustifolia and P. × mexicali showed tolerance to moderate drought conditions, but died after exposure to the first episode of severe drought. Neither G. aristata nor L. superbum were able to regulate shoot water loss effectively. Instead, both species displayed drought avoidance mechanisms, dying back when water was limiting and showing new growth after they were watered. Compared to control plants, G. aristata shoot dry weight was reduced by 50% and 84%, and L. superbum shoot dry weight was reduced by 47% and 99% for the 2- and 4-week irrigation intervals, respectively. Root dry weights were affected similarly for both species. E. purpurea exhibited poor visual quality at all irrigation intervals, in particular wilting severely in both drought treatments, but regaining turgor when watered again. P. barbatus is recommended for ornamental landscapes that receive little or no supplemental irrigation, while E. purpurea is not recommended for low water landscapes because of low visual quality under even mild drought.     

武汉地区几种常见水生花卉的应用

对武汉地区常见水生花卉资源进行了调查,统计分析了武汉市园林中常见的20种水生花卉的栽培管理及其园林应用,总结了其中存在的问题并提出了相应的建议。     

劈破法扦插育苗试验研究

将仿照古代的劈破法与现今常用的马耳型剪法扦插育苗进行对比,证明劈破法扦插育苗有提高扦插成活率和促进多生根以及加快主梢高生长的效果,值得推广应用。     

宿根稻:Ⅲ.不落粒根状茎选系

强根状茎不落粒系选育过程包括(1)筛选强根状茎纯合体；(2)栽培稻与纯合体杂交得有根状茎F