MODELING GROWTH AND ION CONCENTRATION OF LILIUM IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN:POTASSIUM:CALCIUM MIXTURE SOLUTIONS

Nutrient solution composition plays an important role in root uptake rate due to interactions among nutrients and internal regulation. Studies to determine the optimum nutrient solution concentration are focused on individual ions, ignoring the adaptation mechanisms triggered by plants when growing in a varying external nutrient concentration. The objective of the present study was to determine the response in growth and tissue ion concentration of lilium cv. ‘Navona’ to nutrient mixtures of varying proportions of nitrogen (N), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺) in solution using mixture experiments methodology in order to determine the optimum concentration. Bulbs of lilium were transplanted in plastic crates and drip-irrigated with the treatment solutions, which consisted of a mixture of N, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ whose total concentration was 340 mg L^?1 and minimum concentrations of each ion was 34 mg L^?1. Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD), shoot fresh weight (FW), leaf FW, and leaf area were measured 60 days after transplanting and ion analysis was performed on shoot tissues from selected treatments. Lilium exhibited a moderate demand for N and K⁺ (136–170 mg L^?1 N and 116–136 mg L^?1 K⁺) and a very low demand for Ca²⁺ (34–88 mg · L^?1). This low demand may be due to the remobilization of the nutrients stored in the bulbs. Integrating the predictions of the models estimated to produce >90% of maximum growth, the optimum nutrient solution should contain Ca²⁺ at a concentration between 34 and 126 mg · L^?1, K⁺ between 119 and 211 mg · L^?1, and N between 92 mg · L^?1 and 211 mg · L^?1. Increasing external N concentration affected internal N concentration but not internal K⁺ or Ca²⁺ concentrations, despite that the increase in external N was associated with a decrease in external K⁺ and Ca²⁺. Similar trends were observed for external K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration. In conclusion, lilium was able to maintain a relatively constant K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration regardless of the lower concentration in the nutrient solution when N was increased (similar response was observed for K⁺ and Ca²⁺) and it has a low Ca²⁺ demand and moderate N and K⁺ supply.     

Stable resistance against the leaf miner <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucoptera coffeella</Emphasis> expressed by genetically transformed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea canephora</Emphasis> in a pluriannual field experiment in French Guiana

Summary A pluriannual field trial of transgenic clones of Coffea canephora (the Robusta coffee tree) transformed for resistance to the lepidopteran coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella was installed in French Guiana. Fifty-eight transformed clones produced by transformation of the C. canephora clone 126 were planted. They were harbouring the pEF1α constitutive promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana controlling either the Bacillus thuringiensis native gene for the cry1Ac insecticidal protein (eight clones) or a synthetic cry1Ac gene (53 clones). The vectors for the transformation were a strain of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens and one of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transformed clones were generally independent, presenting different integration patterns of the genetic construct. Four randomly distributed groups of five plants per transformed clone were planted along with 60 untransformed control trees. Over a 4-year period after plantation six releases of L. coffeella were performed. Mines on the leaves are the marks of larvae development and were counted on plants. A majority of the independent transformed clones harbouring the synthetic gene and transformed by the strain of A. tumefaciens displayed constantly much less mines than the control, therefore expressing a stable resistance. The need for complementary research is presented.     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

该文研究了水提法、传统的醇回流法提取槐花总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,并使用正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。试验结果表明:槐花中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为B2C3A2,即用2倍量40%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h)     

离子交换树脂作为花卉矿质营养载体的研究

离子交换树脂具有稳定的结构、固定的组成及很高的阴阳离子交换量。离子交换树脂具有良好的气、固、液三相。因此具有持水佳、载肥高、透气好等优点。当离子交换树脂中的矿质元素被植物大量吸收后，可以对其进行再生处理从而保证它能够反复使用。离子交换树脂是一个内存很大的化学库，它所吸附的营养元素不会被水淋洗而有所减少，植物在持有高水平矿质营养的离子交换树脂中亦不会受到反渗透伤害。此点经吸附有5000mg·kg-1钾的离子交换树脂对大丽花（DahliapinnataCav．）的栽培及吸附有5000mg·kg－1磷的离子交换树脂对蟹爪（ZygocacturstruncatusSchum）的栽培中得到证实。     

不同钠浓度对白三叶草和多年生黑麦草生长的影响

白三叶草对Na 的反应比多年生黑麦草敏感.培养液中的Na 浓度从0.1mmol/L 增至0.5mmol/L 时,其干物质生产下降37%;增至2.5mmol/L 时,干重下降49%,而多年生黑麦草的干重仅降低6%.2种牧草的Na 含量均随培养液Na 浓度的增加而提高,K 含量未受影响.白三叶草的Na 含量低于多年生黑麦草,而K 含量高于多年生黑麦草.试验结果暗示,白三叶草对K 的选择吸收能力较多年生黑麦草强,但耐盐能力较差,生态适应性不如多年生黑麦草广.     

龟背竹等11种花卉无土栽培营养环境动态试验研究

以龟背竹等１１种花卉植物为材料,研究了在无土栽培条件下营养和水分的动态变化规律,为合理配制营养液及其管理提供了科学依据。     

倍花制取高纯单宁酸的试验研究

以倍花为原料,利用单宁酸多基配位体容易与中心离子络合形成环状结构螯合物沉淀特性,通过络合还原和溶剂萃取相结合的方法制取高纯食用单宁酸。研制出的倍花高纯单宁酸主要技术指标达到食用单宁酸LY/T1641-2005一等品以上标准要求。     

3种富硒菊花的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

为了探究富硒菊花的食用安全性与营养保健功效,给富硒菊花种质资源选育和开发利用提供依据。本研究采用全自动氨基酸分析仪等分析了金丝菊、香菊、雪菊3种富硒菊花的营养组成,采用高效液相色谱法测定了9种酚类、黄酮类化合物的含量,采用原子荧光光谱法等测定了重金属含量,分析了富硒菊花的抗氧化活性及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效应。结果发现,3种菊花的硒元素含量在0.125 9～0.195 4μg/g之间。雪菊的水分、灰分含量最高,金丝菊的粗脂肪含量最高,香菊的总蛋白、清蛋白和球蛋白含量最高,同时具有较高的必需氨基酸化学评分和氨基酸评分,说明香菊的氨基酸组成与人体需求较为接近。3种菊花均含有3-咖啡酰奎宁酸、4,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草苷、芹菜苷、蒙花苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、香叶木素和金合欢素,均未检出镉与汞,铜、砷和铅含量分别在13.250～20.875μg/g、0.000～0.087μg/g、0.375～1.038μg/g之间。富硒菊花具有一定的总还原力与DPPH·、ABTS·+、·OH自由基清除活性,能够抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力。本研究为富硒菊花种质资源选育和开发利用提供了参考依据。     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。