Surgical treatment of a complicated distal tibia epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture in a yearling

This article describes the management of a complicated distal epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture of the left tibia in a yearling horse. Closed reduction and internal fixation was attempted in the first surgery using tension band wires. Due to fracture instability 2 weeks after surgery, a full-limb transfixation pin cast was applied to the tibia and maintained for 7 weeks to prevent further fracture displacement and to achieve axial alignment. The full-limb cast was maintained for a total of 12 weeks, including the time with the transfixation pin cast. Cast sores and tendon laxity resolved without further complications. Ten months after the first surgery, the fracture had radiographically healed, and the horse was sound at the walk and trot in a straight line.     

河北省不同生态条件下冬小麦产量潜力及限制因素研究

在品种确定后,小麦产量将在一定程度上取决于环境条件。辩识小麦生产的光、热、土、水等生态条件及进一步明确影响产量的限制因素对制定相应的栽培技术有重要指导意义。本文应用ＦＡＯ推荐的方法估算了河北省小麦主产区昌黎、丰润、黄骅、固安、定州、藁城、阜城和临漳等八个代表性县市的小麦光热、光热水、光热土和光热水土产量潜力值,并依据自然降水和土壤养分资料估算了小麦生育期间逐月水分的产量限制系数及土壤中速效氮磷钾的产量限制系数。依此提出不同地区进一步挖掘小麦增产潜力的主攻方向。     

正反反复选择下近交对褐壳蛋鸡饲料利用率和繁殖性状的影响

本文估计了褐壳蛋鸡洛岛红(AA)和浅花苏赛克斯(BB)在正反反复选择(RRS)下的近交系数,分析了近交对选择标准饲料利用率及其相关性状和繁殖性状的影响。试验群体由两纯种及其正反交组合和相应的对照组组成。经过7个世代的RRS和近交试验,试验组AA和BB(括弧里为对照组1AA和1BB)用系谱材料计算出的平均累积近交系数分别为2.58％和3.23％(9.33和8.17%)或每代为0.43%(1.35%),用有效群体含量估计出的AA与BB的相应数值为2.91％与2.83％(5.84%与5.92％)或每代为0.42％(0.86％)。1％近交系数导致的孵化率和饲料利用率的近交衰退较严重(0.5％和0.4％),其次是产蛋性状(约0.3％),而体重和蛋重只有0.1％左右。在本研究中,通过连续7代的RRS与合适的留种率等措施,成功地将闭锁群体的近交系数控制在3%以下的低水平,消除或减轻了近交对饲料利用率等重要经济性状的不利影响。     

谈交流电动机的恒功率因数控制

对交流电动机的功率因数进行负反馈控制可使其功率因数恒定。通过对交流电动机稳态数学模型的分析可知,最优效率对应的功率因数由转差频率控制,且电动机功率因数在小范围内变化时所引起效率变化小。因此,可以用恒功率因数控制替代最优功率因数控制。     

灰分和碳烟分布对DPF再生性能的影响研究

运用三维仿真软件(CFD)建立柴油机后处理系统(DOC+DPF)三维模型,分析了微粒捕集器孔道内部碳烟和灰分分布不均匀对其再生特性的影响.结果表明:排温较高时,"线性增加"型的碳烟分布再生温度温升速率快,再生效率高,"线性减少"型的碳烟分布温升速率较慢,峰值温度高,再生效率差;孔道进口末端灰分沉积越多,再生温度峰值和压...     

个人所得税改革如何体现效率和公平

经过十多年的运行,中国现行个人所得税在增加财政收入和调节社会财富差距上作出贡献后,其弊病也在不断突出。为了能让个人所得税在国民经济中近一步发挥其重要作用,个人所得税改革势在必行。本文就是围绕这个课题展开研究,通过吸收世界各国税制改革的理论与实践成果,对中国现行个人所得税进行分析,同时提出其改革方向和措施,促进中国个人所得税更加合理,更有效率,更加公平。     

Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf nitrogen content and morphological characteristics of Spiraea pubescens in a warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest

Spiraea pubescens, a common shrub in the warm-temperate deciduous forest zone which is distributed in the Dongling Mountain area of Beijing, was exposed to ambient and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) radiation by artificially supplying a daily dose of 9.4 kJ/m² for three growing seasons, a level that simulated a 17% depletion in stratospheric ozone. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term UV-B enhancement on stomatal conductance, leaf tissue δ ¹³C, leaf water content, and leaf area. Particular attention was paid to the effects of UV-B radiation on water use efficiency (WUE) and leaf total nitrogen content. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly reduced leaf area (50.1%) but increased leaf total nitrogen content (102%). These changes were associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance (16.1%) and intercellular CO₂ concentration/ air CO₂ concentration (C _i /C _a) (4.0%), and an increase in leaf tissue δ ¹³C (20.5‰), leaf water content (3.1%), specific leaf weight (SLW) (5.2%) and WUE (4.1%). The effects of UV-B on the plant were greatly affected by the water content of the deep soil (30–40 cm). During the dry season, differences in the stomatal conductance, δ ¹³C, and WUE between the control and UV-B treated shrubs were very small; whereas, differences became much greater when soil water stress disappeared. Furthermore, the effects of UV-B became much less significant as the treatment period progressed over the three growing seasons. Correlation analysis showed that enhanced UV-B radiation decreased the strength of the correlation between soil water content and leaf water content, δ ¹³C, C _i/C _a, stomatal conductance, with the exception of WUE that had a significant correlation coefficient with soil water content. These results suggest that WUE would become more sensitive to soil water variation due to UV-B radiation. Based on this experiment, it was found that enhanced UV-B radiation had much more significant effects on morphological traits and growth of S. pubescens than hydro-physiological characteristics. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 47–56 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Nutrient cycle of planted forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, Beijing

We studied the nutrient cycle of a planted forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, Beijing. Results show that the total biomass of P. tabulaeformis stands at age 29 in the experimental area is 92627 kg/hm², and the total nutrient store is 695.17 kg/hm² including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), kalium (K), calium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The sequence of their contents in different organs was given as follows: needle>branch> trunk>root. The annual amount of 85.37 kg/hm² of five nutrient elements were assimilated by P. tabulaeformis, about 0.34% of the total store in soil, and 3.30% of available nutrient store in soil depth from 0 to 30 cm. The nutrient annual retention is 35.92 kg/hm², annual returning 49.46 kg/hm², the rain input 26.04 kg/hm² to the five nutrient elements. The parameter absorption coefficient, utilization coefficient, cycle coefficient and turnover period were cited to describe the nutrient elements cycle characteristic of the planted forest ecosystem of P. tabulaeformis. The absorption coefficient is the ratio of plant nutrient element content to soil nutrient element content, and its sequence of five nutrient elements was given as follows: N>P>K>Ca>Mg. Utilization coefficient is the ratio of the nutrient element annual uptake amount to the nutrient element storage in standing crops, and its sequence of five nutrient elements was: Mg>K> P>N>Ca. The big utilization coefficient means more nutrients stored in the plant. The cycle coefficient is the ratio of the nutrient element annual return amount to the nutrient element annual uptake amount, its sequence: Ca>N>P>K>Mg. Turnover period is the ratio of the nutrient storage in the crops to the annual returning, its sequence: Mg>K>P>N>Ca. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(3): 51–56 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]