Decreased transport of orally administered protein into the blood circulation of developing juveniles of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

ABSTRACT: To clarify the quantitative changes in the transport of orally intubated protein into the blood circulation as macromolecules in development, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken eggs was administered orally to juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . For the first experiment, which was performed before the commencement of artificial feeding, the oral delivery of 2.0 μg/0.1 g bodyweight of IgY resulted in a rapid increase in plasma IgY to a maximum of 2.30 μg/mL. However, the transport of IgY into the blood decreased significantly in the experiments that followed, which were performed after 12, 25 and 42 days. During this period, bodyweight increased approximately by a factor of eight, and rapid growth of the stomach was observed histologically. Possible contributions for the development of the alimentary canal to the diminishment of intestinal protein assimilation are discussed.     

水稻耐盐机理的研究Ⅲ.不同基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的动力学比较

本文应用动力学研究方法比较了具有不同耐盐性的3组共6个水稻基因型对NaCl吸收和运转的差异,结果表明,在外部低NaCl浓度(0.1mmolL~(-1)时,水稻对Na~+的吸收为被动吸收,耐盐基因型对Na~+的吸收速率显著低于盐敏感基因型;对Cl~-的吸收为主动吸收,不同耐盐性基因型吸收Cl~-的动力学参数(V_(?)、K_(?))差异不显著,在外部高NaCl浓度(50mmolL~(-1))时,耐盐基因型对Na~+和cl~-的吸收速率均低于对应的盐敏感基因型。耐盐基因型水稻的Na~+、cl-从根部向地上部的运转率低于对应的盐敏感基因型,这种差异在高盐浓度时更为明显。表明了耐盐基因型水稻地上部对NaCl的排斥作用是吸收控制和运转控制共同作用的结果,使地上部Na~+、Cl-含量相对降低而显出较高的耐盐性。     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

土壤调理剂对生姜硒镉积累和品质安全的影响

为明确土壤调理剂对重金属污染土壤上生姜的营养品质和安全性的影响及作用机制,采用生姜土壤盆栽试验,比较研究了3种土壤调理剂（硅酸钾、麦饭石、贝壳粉）对土壤硒镉有效性以及生姜硒镉积累、生长发育和营养品质的影响。试验结果表明：3种土壤调理剂均能显著提高生姜硒含量,同时显著降低镉含量。与对照（不添加土壤调理剂）相比,施用0.2%硅酸钾调理剂效果最佳,分别使生姜地上部位和姜块硒含量提高了165.01%和111.36%,镉含量降低了71.96%和65.15%;另外,施用3种土壤调理剂可显著提高姜块产量、品质及养分吸收。与对照相比,产量提高了23.93%~67.67%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和姜黄素含量分别提高了2.34%~6.00%、154.72%~602.83%和11.05%~33.43%,氮、磷、钾养分含量分别提高了10.28%~14.42%、24.62%~34.87%、28.81%~29.01%;施用3种土壤调理剂还可提高姜块过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量;与对照相比,3种土壤调理剂增加土壤pH 0.35~0.53个单位,土壤有效态镉含量降低了16.92%~22.76%,有效态硒含量增加了3.60%~10.99%。研究表明,施用土壤调理剂能够降低土壤有效态镉含量、活化土壤有效态硒,从而降低生姜镉含量并提高硒含量和姜块营养品质,可实现镉污染土壤安全利用,保障生姜优质安全生产。     

毛竹入侵对落叶阔叶林土壤理化性质和胞外酶活性的影响

【目的】研究毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）入侵亚热带北缘落叶阔叶林对土壤理化性质和土壤胞外酶活性的影响,为探究毛竹入侵条件下森林生态系统养分循环过程与固碳潜力及森林的毛竹入侵治理提供科学依据。【方法】在毛竹入侵样带上,选择落叶阔叶林（麻栎林Quercus acutissima）、竹阔混交林（混交林）和毛竹林3种林分为研究对象,采集其林下地表0~10 cm土壤,进行土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的测定,包括土壤pH、含水率和有机碳、全氮、NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₃-N、全磷、有效磷含量,以及β-葡糖苷酶（BG）、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）、酸性磷酸酶（AcP）、酚氧化物酶（POX）、过氧化物酶（PER）活性和酶计量(V_C/N、V_N/P、V_C/P),比较不同林分的土壤指标。【结果】①随着毛竹入侵,毛竹林土壤pH值和含水率显著增大,且与混交林、麻栎林差异显著（P<0.05）;其土壤有机碳、NO^-₃-N和全氮含量显著下降（P<0.05）,NH⁺₄-N、有效磷和全磷含量与混交林、麻栎林差异不显著。②土壤碳、氮和磷循环相关的水解酶（BG、NAG+LAP、AcP）活性均随毛竹入侵呈下降趋势,氧化酶（POX、PER）活性变化趋势与之相反;酶计量分析表明,毛竹林土壤的V_N/P显著低于混交林和麻栎林（P＜0.05）,而V_C/N、V_C/P在不同林分间差异不显著。③酶活性的矢量分析表明,毛竹林土壤微生物的磷限制程度高于混交林和麻栎林。④土壤水解酶活性与土壤有机碳、NO^-₃-N、全氮、有效磷含量或pH有显著相关关系,氧化酶活性与土壤性质相关性总体不显著。【结论】毛竹林取代落叶阔叶林（麻栎林）后,土壤有机碳和养分含量及相关水解酶活性降低,不利于原有落叶阔叶林土壤碳库与养分库的保存。     

测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

研究测土配方施肥对玉米生长性状、产量、经济效益和养分利用率的影响,进而指导阿克苏市玉米科学合理施肥,提高化肥利用率,减少化肥投入,实现玉米化肥减量增效的目标。以金谷玉6号玉米为试验材料,设置不施肥(CK)、无氮(PK)、无磷(NK)、无钾(NP)和氮磷钾(NPK)5个处理,在收获期对玉米株高、径粗、穗长、穗粒数、百粒重、产量、平均产值、净收入和养分利用率等指标进行测定。实验结果表明:全年施肥量为尿素29.78kg/667m2,重过磷酸钙25kg/667m2,硫酸钾10.4kg/667m2,对玉米的生长、产量和经济效益均有促进作用。玉米氮肥的利用率为36.26%,磷肥的利用率为17.39%,钾肥的利用率为41.99%。     

Effects of ammonium and inorganic carbon enrichment on growth and yield of a hydroponic tomato crop

Effects of varying the proportions of NO₃^— and NH₄⁺ in the growth medium on seedling growth and tomato fruit yield (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Trust F1) were investigated in greenhouse hydroponic experiments. The presence of NH₄⁺ as the sole N source (11 mM) was toxic: it curtailed growth and decreased chlorophyll content of the leaves. However, at low concentration (10 % of total N), the presence of NH₄⁺, with or without added dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), increased vegetative growth and fruit yield by ˜ 15 %, and enhanced taste/flavor of the fruits. In DIC‐enriched treatment, pH was maintained at 5.8 by addition of KHCO₃ or as CaCO₃. The presence of NH₄⁺, at 10 % of total N, inhibited NO₃^— uptake rates by ˜ 27 %. The rates of uptake of NO₃^— and NH₄⁺ were comparable (13.3 and 14.2 mmol plant^—1 d^—1, respectively, in the presence of DIC, and 14.7 and 14.0 mmol plant^—1 d^—1, respectively, in the absence of DIC), despite such a large difference in their concentrations in the nutrient feed solution. A higher proportion of NH₄⁺ (up to 50 % of total N) had no further significant effect upon early vegetative growth, but in a long‐term experiment resulted in a high incidence of blossom end‐rot (BER) disease, thereby severely curtailing fruit yield. The presence of even 1.1 mM NH₄⁺ reduced Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ accumulation in the leaves as well as in fruits.     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...     

冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征

降水是森林生态系统的一个主要的养分输入源,观测并分析降水化学对于准确地估算森林生态系统养分循环的养分元素浓度显得极为重要。对冀北山地华北落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Zn共6种养分元素进行了测定。结果表明：（1）大气降水经过林冠层后其水化学特征明显发生了变化,化学元素含量均有不同程度增加,含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn,其中Mn元素的增长倍数最多,但6月份Mn和Zn元素浓度都出现负增长。树干茎流各项指标均增长很多,化学元素含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn。枯落物水中K和Ca元素浓度增加最大。（2）大气降雨中Zn的变异系数最大,达2.853;K和Ca元素的变异系数最小,为0.158,0.163。落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中最大变异系数分别为Fe元素3.115,Mg元素为1.288,Fe元素为2.139。（3）经过淋洗后水样中各元素的浓度均有所增加,穿透水、树干茎流和枯透水中K、Ca增加较多,Fe、Zn的淋溶量较少。     

东河早藕土壤养分限制因子试验

通过土壤养分限制因子试验,对比了不同配方施肥条件下东河早藕田间植物学性状、生育期和经济性状的差异.试验结果表明,缺氮、磷、钾肥对东河早藕的生长发育及产量形成具有明显的抑制作用,且效果由大到小顺序为氮肥、钾肥、磷肥.针对浙中地区部分土壤缺锌,补施锌肥能促进东河早藕早熟高产.