混播比例对三江源人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响

建植混播人工草地是修复三江源黑土滩退化草地的有效措施,但不同混播比例下植被和土壤养分特征的变化尚不明确。以垂穗披碱草、中华羊茅和青海草地早熟禾分别按1∶1∶1（M₄）,2∶1∶1（M₅）,1∶2∶1（M₆）,1∶1∶2（M₇）,2∶2∶1（M₈）,2∶1∶2（M₉）和1∶2∶2（M₁₀）建植混播人工草地,并以各组分单播为对照,研究生产力、物种多样性、超产效应、多样性净效应（包括互补效应和选择效应）和土壤养分特征的变化,并采用多准则决策模型-TOPSIS进行综合评价,以筛选最佳混播比例,以期为三江源退化草地生态修复提供科学依据。结果表明：混播处理地上生物量显著高于中华羊茅和青海草地早熟禾单播的生物量,但显著低于垂穗披碱草单播处理,混播处理地上生物量在M₅、M₈、M₉和M₁₀处理较高。而地下生物量在混播处理间无显著差异。混播处理中,仅M₅、M₈、M₉和M₁₀处理存在超产,达40.4~71.1 g·m^-2。M₄和M₆处理的多样性净效应均小于0,说明由于物种竞争导致群落减产。而M₇~M₁₀混播处理的多样性净效应均大于0,说明物种生态位的互补使得群落高产。M₈和M₉处理中互补效应和选择效应共同主导了超产效应,而M₅和M₁₀处理中主要由互补作用主导超产效应。表层土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量在M₆、M₇和M₁₀混播处理中较高。TOPSIS模型综合评价表明,M₁₀混播处理不但可保持较高的生产力,还可显著提高土壤的养分含量,是三江源区人工草地建植的理想混播比例。     

Effect of contrast media formulation on computed tomography angiographic contrast enhancement.

The characteristics of contrast media formulation (mgI/ml, osmolarity, and viscosity) are generally not considered important in computed tomography (CT) angiography in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the contrast effect in CT angiography as a function of contrast media formulation, with a constant iodine dose. The contrast effects of three contrast media with different iodine concentrations were compared by administering identical iodine dosages (mgI/kg). The contrast effects of the three contrast media differed, and the area under the time-attenuation curve of iohexol 350 mgI/ml, which had the highest iodine concentration, was the lowest. It was hypothesized that the contrast effect of a contrast medium decreases with higher iodine concentration because of the high amount of residual iodine present in the circulatory system from the injection site to the portion immediately before the great vessels. In addition, the influence of osmotic dilution on contrast media with high osmolarity was also considered. In conclusion, the contrast effect varies with different contrast media formulations, even when the same iodine dosage is administered.     

华东地区匍匐翦股颖褐斑病杀菌剂的田间防治效果

采用常规喷雾法,选择室内药剂筛选中抑菌效果较好的7种杀菌剂,对匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stolonif-era果岭草坪褐斑病进行了发病前的预防和发病盛期的治疗2个阶段的田间试验。结果表明:百菌清与克露对匍匐翦股颖褐斑病发病的预防效果最好,田间预防效果可分别高达99.3%和98.5%,腈菌唑、退菌特、金雷多米尔、杀毒矾的预防效果其次,丙环唑的预防效果最差(73.0%);在草坪发病盛期,丙环唑的防治效果最好,3次防治效果均稳定在86%以上,8月21日的防治效果甚至高达95.9%;百菌清的3次防治效果也都稳定在80%以上,显著高于克露、腈菌唑、杀毒矾、金雷多米尔、退菌特等药剂。上述结果表示预防匍匐翦股颖褐斑病的药剂应选择百菌清或克露,但对已发生褐斑病的翦股颖则宜选择丙环唑或百菌清进行治疗。     

The role of endocrine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in female bovine reproduction

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a pivotal role in cattle fertility, acting as a monitoring signal that allows reproductive events to occur when nutritional conditions for successful reproduction are reached. However, endocrine IGF-I is not a predictor of reproductive events, but rather an indirect estimator of the suitability of the animal to achieve the reproductive event in question. Although measuring circulating IGF-I concentrations might not have any clinical application in the cattle industry, endocrine IGF-I screening will continue to be important for the study of interactions between nutrition and reproduction. In addition, endocrine IGF-I screening could be used as an ancillary test for the selection of cattle for high reproductive potential, especially in herds of high genetic merit for milk production, in which a decline in fertility has been identified.     

互联网对军校思想政治工作的负面影响及对策

互联网在给整个社会带来了前所未有变革的同时,也给军校思想政治工作带来负面影响和严峻挑战。在新形势下,我们应高度重视和充分利用信息网络技术,积极研究网络环境下思政工作的对策,扬长避短,提高思政工作的效力。     

刈割频次对高寒草甸群落特征和初级生产力的影响

在甘南州玛曲县典型高寒草甸区,对不同刈割频次下草地初级生产力基本特征的变化进行研究。结果表明:莎草科和禾本科的物种对多次刈割的耐受性较高,而杂类草较为敏感,部分物种甚至会在高频次刈割下消失,毒害草则会在多次刈割的干扰下得到促进。在生长季内,对草地实施2~3次刈割利用,不仅不会对物种多样性造成不利影响,反而有利于物种多样性的提高;相反,若仅于生长季后期(9月中旬)刈割1次或刈割次数超过4次,则可对物种多样性产生明显的负面影响。就地上生物量而言,最佳刈割频次为2次(7月15日和9月15日)和3次(6月15日、7月30日和9月15日);就粗蛋白产量而言,最佳刈割频次为3次,且显著高于刈割2次的处理。采用在牧草产量峰值期1次性测产的方法核定草地载畜量,必须考虑在实际利用方式下所产生的草地超补偿效应,并以相应的差异率对牧草产量进行校正。     

“广灵散”治疗犬腹泻疗效观察

探索以乳酸菌为主、配合中药制剂制成复方制剂——广灵散治疗犬腹泻的临床效果。将30例腹泻犬随机分成广灵散治疗组和抗生素治疗组。结果表明,各药物对犬腹泻的有效率达到100%;抗生素组治愈时间较广灵散组短;肠道菌群检测结果显示,抗生素在杀灭致病性大肠杆菌的同时也使肠道中益生菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量减少,肠道菌群的不平衡性仍没有解决。而广灵散组虽然在治疗时间上比抗生素组长,但广灵散不仅能减少大肠杆菌的数量,而且能增加肠道中益生菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量,使肠道菌群恢复平衡。     

坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量

采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%～25%,施磷增产率在122%～172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0～12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%～68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。     

如何提高动物解剖学及组织胚胎学的教学效果

根据动物解剖学及组织胚胎学的课程特点,结合教学实践,在教学过程中运用情景联想法、口诀记忆法、归纳总结法等教学方法,多媒体教学与板书教学相结合,并联系后期课程进行讲授,从而达到拓宽学生知识面、提高动物解剖学及组织胚胎学教学效果的目的。