松材线虫侵染下马尾松针叶miRNA和mRNA的关联表达

[目的]微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)具有靶向沉默信使RNA(mRNA)表达的功能,是基因表达的负调控因子;研究并明确马尾松在遭受松材线虫侵染下是否存类似的调控模式,对于未来探析寄主植物对病原侵染胁迫下的应激机制及获得调控马尾松抗松材线虫病的miRNA及其靶标mRNA都具有重要意义。[方法]以前期高通量测序获得的松材线虫侵染1、2、3 d的马尾松针叶mRNA和miRNA表达谱为研究对象,采用STEM软件分别分析mRNA和miRNA的表达变化模式,并运用斯皮尔曼等级相关法研究松材线虫侵染下的马尾松针叶中miRNA与mRNA的表达关联情况。[结果]松材线虫侵染下的马尾松针叶中的miRNA呈2种显著的表达变化模式,mRNA呈8种显著的表达变化模式,且15个miRNA与其12个靶标mRNA的表达变化模式相反,符合miRNA对靶标mRNA的负调控特点,这些靶标mRNA编码具有识别病原作用的ACRE、CC-NBS-LRR基因等。[结论]松材线虫侵染下的马尾松针叶中miRNA及mRNA均呈多种表达变化模式,且部分miRNA与靶标mRNA的表达变化模式相反,推测其中部分miRNA可能是病原识别基因的负调控因子。     

Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein–Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000 RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.     

海胆和海参中microRNAs的研究进展

MicroRNAs(MiRNAs)是一种长度为20 nt左右的内源调控型非编码RNA,主要参与基因的转录后调控,在真核生物的生长发育、细胞分化和免疫防御等过程中发挥重要作用.海胆和海参属棘皮类动物,是高等的海洋无脊椎动物,它们不仅是研究无脊椎动物向脊椎动物进化的重要模式生物,其中的一些种类还是重要的渔业资源,具有较高的...     

Chilling stress tolerance of two soya bean cultivars: Phenotypic and molecular responses

Chilling stress is a major factor limiting the yield of soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on a global scale. However, the regulatory network that controls the chilling response of soya bean remains unclear. In the present study, phenotyping and quantitative analyses of miRNAs in soya bean under chilling stress were carried out to determine the impact of environmental constraints on soya bean productivity. Measurements done during soya bean growth in chilling along with the results of field trials indicated that the cultivars Augusta and Fiskeby V responded differently to low temperatures. Although chilling affected the reproductive development of both cultivars, the final seed output remained unchanged. The differential expression of miR169, miR319, miR397 and miR398 under cold stress was detected using ddPCR. Upon chilling in the reproductive stage, we found that these miRNAs had contrasting expression profiles in Augusta and Fiskeby V. A set of candidate target genes was predicted based on degradome sequencing data. A negative correlation was found between the expression of miR169, miR319 and miR398 and their targets in the roots of both cultivars. Our work elucidates the impact of chilling stress on the productivity of two soya bean cultivars and reveals the importance of miRNA involvement in the low temperature response.     

Synthetic microRNA‐205 exhibited tumour suppression in spontaneous canine malignant melanoma by intratumoral injection

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNA molecules consisting of 18 to 25 nucleotides. Malignant melanomas (MMs) are one of the most common malignancies in both dogs and humans. We previously reported that chemically modified synthetic miRNA‐205 (miR‐205BP/S3) inhibits melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intratumoral administration of synthetic miR‐205 for spontaneous CMMs and to evaluate its potential as systemic therapy. Ten dogs with various stages of MM were treated with miR‐205BP/S3 injected into tumours. Adverse effects (AEs) were assessed in accordance with the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group‐Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG‐CTCAE) v1.1 guidelines. Five cases attained complete remission (CR), three attained stable disease (SD), and two cases displayed characteristics of progressive disease (PD). In all cases, no changes were observed in the blood parameters upon miRNA administration, and miR‐205BP/S3 administration did not yield any side effects. The present results suggest that intratumoral administration of miR‐205BP/S3 is a potentially applicable treatment for canine melanoma.     

哺乳动物毛囊发育及调控研究进展

毛囊具有高度自我更新能力,是哺乳动物特有的皮肤构造,且是唯一呈终生周期性生长的器官。毛囊的发生始于胚胎期,皮肤上皮层细胞和下胚层细胞间的一系列相互作用诱导形成毛囊,之后毛囊进入周期性循环,包括生长、退行和休止3个阶段。毛囊的发育过程中受到复杂的网络调控。近年来,关于哺乳动物毛囊发育及调控机制的研究取得了较大进展。已有研究表明,毛囊的发生及循环过程中受到多种因子的调控,不同信号通路及miRNA和lncRNA相关基因的参与,构成了一个庞大而又复杂的网络调控图谱,每种调控因子间的相互促进及制约为毛囊的发生及循环提供了必要的保障。文章简述了人、羊及小鼠等哺乳动物毛囊形态发生、周期性循环及相关调控因子的研究进展,为更加全面地了解哺乳动物毛囊发育过程及调控机制提供了参考,同时对人工控制毛绒的周期生长进而提高毛绒产量和质量提供了思路。     

微小RNA在动物上的功能研究进展*

 微小RNA（miRNA）是一种长约22 nt的非编码RNA,通过与mRNA碱基互补配对来靶基因进行转录后调控。在众多多细胞生物中已经鉴别出数百种miRNAs,而且大多数在进化上高度保守。虽然绝大多数miRNAs的生物学功能还不清楚,但是预测结果显示miRNAs对人类30%的基因具有表达调控作用。随着研究的深入,不断知道miRNAs的功能及其作用机制。本文就microRNAs在动物上的作用机制及其功能的研究进展作一综述。     

利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒系统超量表达家蚕let-7簇microRNAs

【目的】利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统超量表达家蚕（Bombyx mori）let-7 簇（cluster）microRNAs：bmo-let-7、bmo-miR-100和bmo-miR-2795,为研究家蚕microRNA的功能提供参考。【方法】克隆家蚕let-7 miRNA簇（bmo-let-7 cluster,bmo-let-7-C）上各miRNA前体(pri-let-7、pri-miR-100与pri-miR-2795)和bmo-let-7-C全长序列,以红色荧光蛋白(red fluorescent protein,RFP)基因为报告基因,昆虫细胞表达载体pFastBac1为穿梭载体,通过Tn7转座子把目的基因和报告基因转座到杆状病毒A. californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV)基因组上,获得各重组杆状病毒质粒（recombinant baculovirus plasmid,rBacmid）：Bac-let-7、Bac-miR-100、Bac-miR-2795和Bac-let-7-C。将重组Bacmid转染草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）卵巢细胞系Sf9,72 h后用荧光显微镜检查红色荧光蛋白信号,荧光定量PCR检测miRNAs的表达。对转染的Sf9细胞进行、离心、收集上清液,获得具感染力的重组病毒,用于侵染新培养的Sf9细胞和注射家蚕幼虫个体,72 h后用荧光显微镜检查红色荧光蛋白信号,荧光定量PCR检测miRNAs的表达。【结果】成功将bmo-let-7-C上各miRNA前体和bmo-let-7-C全长序列构建到杆状病毒基因组上,获得了各miRNA及bmo-let-7-C的过量表达载体。将各重组过量表达载体分别转染草地贪夜蛾细胞系Sf9,72 h后在显微镜下观察到了红色荧光蛋白信号,荧光定量PCR检测结果表明各miRNA显著过量表达;通过离心收集的各miRNA重组过量表达病毒粒子感染新培养的Sf9细胞72 h后检测到了更强的红色荧光蛋白信号,定量PCR结果表明各miRNA均显著过量表达。将各miRNA的重组病毒注射到家蚕5龄1 d幼虫体内后,均能显著超量表达相应miRNA,但注射Bac-let-7-C后只有miR-2795显著过量表达,并有明显的组织差异性,在丝腺中没有过量表达,在脂肪体、血液和中肠中显著过量表达。【结论】利用杆状病毒过量表达系统在草地贪夜蛾细胞系Sf9和家蚕个体中超量表达了家蚕let-7簇miRNAs,为研究家蚕let-7簇和其他miRNAs的产生机制和功能提供了参考。