引黄滴灌条件下混配水对堵塞物质表面特征的影响

为探明引黄滴灌条件下黄河水与微咸水混配对滴灌系统灌水器堵塞物质表面特征的影响,选择黄河水（YR）、微咸水（SW）以及黄河水和微咸水1∶1混配水（MW）3种水源,针对灌水器流道内易形成堵塞物质的位点,进行堵塞物质形成过程的模拟培养,借助三维白光干涉形貌仪观测并分析灌水器内部堵塞物质的表面形貌及变化特征,结果表明：黄河水与微咸水混配后堵塞物质表面凸起少,较为平坦;堵塞物质的厚度、表面均方根偏差、表面展开面积比率显著降低。其中,系统运行结束时（800h）,混配水条件下堵塞物质的平均厚度为4.39μm,分别比黄河水、微咸水条件下低65.32%、32.51%,这充分说明黄河水和微咸水混配后可有效缓解灌水器堵塞。     

作物生长过程模拟模型与形态三维可视化关键技术研究

针对作物产量形成、品种适应性分析的数字化解析和可视化表达需求,以提高作物模拟模型的时效性、协同性和真实感为目标,结合物联网技术与作物模拟模型,进行了田间数据实时采集;应用多智能体技术进行了作物协同模拟方法研究与框架设计;开展了作物生长过程模拟模型及基于作物模型的形态三维可视化关键技术研究,以小麦作物为例,进行了田间试验,阐述了小麦三维形态模拟可视化系统的设计实现并进行了试验验证;构建了Logistic方程模拟小麦叶长、最大叶宽、叶片高度、株高等的生长变化,采用基于曲线、曲面的参数化建模方法和3D图形库OpenGL构造了小麦器官几何模型。结果表明小麦叶长、最大叶宽、叶片高度和株高模拟模型R ²值在0.772~0.999之间,回归方程的F值在10.153~4359.236之间,且Sig.小于显著水平0.05,模型显著性较好,模型的拟合度较高。本研究将作物模拟模型结果和形态结构模型有效结合,实现了以小麦为代表的作物在不同管理措施条件下的生长过程形态三维可视化表达,为作物生产数字化系统应用提供了更有效的途径,该技术体系与方法同样适用于玉米、水稻等作物。     

Effect of various plant factors on the expression of creeping-rootedness in lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression.     

南美斑潜蝇室内饲养及生物学特性

通过观察在豇豆上一个完整世代的饲养试验,对南美斑潜蝇的生活习性、形态特征进行了描述。结果表明,在室温(25±1)℃,RH75%～85%,光照14h条件下,一个世代为16～17天;成虫在叶片上、下表面皆可刺孔取食,幼虫取食叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织区分不明显。     

黄精种子形态及发芽特性研究

研究了黄精果实及种子不同发育时期内源激素ABA含量的变化与收获种子类型,以及不同类型黄精种子形态、生活力、千粒重与发芽的相关性.结果表明:3种类型黄精种子属不同发育时期的种子,其外观形态和各种物理特性指标都存在一定差异,其中黄皮种子最大,长、宽平均值分别为4.372 mm和3.710 mm,活性较弱,发芽率45.16%;绿皮种子的千粒重、生活力、发芽率均最高,分别为35.6 g、85%和85.71%;黑皮种子基本没有生活力.说明绿皮种子质量最好,黄皮种子次之.     

Effects of inbreeding on nodal root system morphology and architecture of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.)

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S₁, S₄, S₆, and S₉ inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged. Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F₁ hybrids needs to be determined.     

北方森林细根对氮沉降和二氧化碳浓度升高的响应

北方森林是全球第二大生物群区,约占全球森林面积的30%,尽管其细根生物量仅占森林生态系统很小的一部分,但其周转率更快,更易分解,因此,其对土壤碳循环和大气CO_2通量贡献很大。笔者综述了氮沉降和CO_2浓度升高的背景数据,总结了细根对二者变化的响应,主要从细根的形态特征、解剖结构和生理功能方面入手,探讨了其对氮沉降和CO_2浓度升高的响应。结论如下:(1)大气氮沉降量一直处于上升状态,与人类活动密切相关的有机氮量所占比例逐渐加大,而无机氮中NH_4~-N和NO_3~-N的变化趋势表现不同;(2)大气CO_2浓度一直呈上升趋势,细根形态特征、解剖结构和生理功能对其表现出明显的响应;(3)树种、年龄、土壤类型等都会改变细根形态、解剖结构和生理功能对氮沉降和CO_2浓度升高的响应结果,但改变的程度不同。研究结果可为北方森林乃至温带森林生态系统功能对氮沉降和CO_2浓度升高的响应提供参考依据和数据支持。     

内蒙古地区家畜肿瘤的调查及其病理形态学研究

本文对内蒙古自治区777844头家畜(绵羊、山羊、牛、马、骡和骆驼)的调查,共检出肿瘤76例,分属25种肿瘤:山羊鼻腔腺瘤、绵羊肺腺瘤,绵羊乳腺瘤、牛肝细胞腺瘤、绵羊和牛的胆管细胞癌与肝细胞癌、绵羊和马的肾腺癌、牛腺癌、绵羊肾上腺皮质癌、牛纤维瘤、牛韧带状瘤、牛间皮瘤、牛和绵羊的海绵状血管瘤、绵羊淋巴管瘤、骆驼骨软骨瘤、骡纤维肉瘤、绵羊肉瘤、绵羊和牛的横纹肌肉瘤、牛软骨肉瘤、绵羊淋巴肉瘤、牛神经鞘瘤、马脑膜瘤、绵羊卵巢睾丸母细胞瘤、牛癌肉瘤、马和绵羊的恶性黑色素瘤。调查表明牛的肿瘤检出率比羊的肿瘤检出率高,山羊鼻腔腺瘤呈地方性流行,绵羊肺腺瘤分布有一定的区域,其余肿瘤均为散发。文中对各种肿瘤的形态结构均作详细描述。     

氮肥与密度互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响

为明确花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥水平和种植密度,本研究于2018年和2019年以‘花育22’为供试花生品种,设置3个氮肥水平(0 kg hm^–2, N0; 60 kg hm^–2, N1; 120 kg hm^–2, N2), 3个种植密度(7.93万株hm^–2, D1; 15.86万株hm^–2,D2; 23.79万株hm^–2, D3),采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究氮肥、密度及其互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响。氮肥对花生根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重的影响不显著,而密度的影响显著。单株根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而降低, D1显著高于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著;单位面积根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而增加, D1显著低于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著。氮肥和密度互作对2019年收获期单位面积根长、根表面积的影响显著,与D1相比, N1处理下D3的增幅显著高于N0和N2处理。氮肥及氮肥与密度互作...     

土壤硒形态及其相互转化因子的研究

近年来,天然富硒农产品的生产及加工成为研究热点。决定植物硒含量的主要因素为土壤有效形态硒含量,因此了解土壤硒形态及转化关系,寻找提高硒有效性方法尤为重要。笔者通过对国内外硒研究文献的整理和分析,对土壤硒形态的分类、土壤硒形态间的转化及提高土壤硒有效性的因素等进行深入分析。了解土壤硒化学形态和浸提形态及其关系,进一步研究不同形态间转化的驱动因子,寻找提高富硒区土壤硒有效性的方法。结合不同富硒区域土壤及作物特点,采取不同的硒素活化方法,为进一步开展相关研究提供更多科学依据。