硝酸钾和硫酸钾对番茄幼苗生长、根系形态及钾素吸收和生理利用效率的影响

采用水培试验,研究不同钾肥种类(KNO3、K2SO4)、不同钾素水平(0、2.0、4.0和8.0mmol/L)对"天福冠露"和"毛粉802"2个番茄品种幼苗生长、根系特征及对钾素吸收、生理利用效率的影响。结果表明,随钾素水平提高,番茄鲜重、干重以及根长、根体积、根直径等根系特征显著提高。在钾素水平为4.0、8.0mmol/L时,硝酸钾处理的番茄株高、根长显著高于硫酸钾。钾素水平为8.0mmol/L时,硫酸钾根直径显著高于硝酸钾处理的;"天福冠露"施用硝酸钾的根尖数显著高于施用硫酸钾;"毛粉802"施用硫酸钾,植株的根直径、钾含量和钾素积累量显著高于硝酸钾处理。番茄水培适宜的钾素浓度为8.0mmol/L,硝酸钾有利于番茄生长发育,硫酸钾有利于番茄对钾素的吸收。在相同钾素水平条件下,2个番茄品种鲜重、干重均无显著差异。     

Morphological characterization of seeds of three Australian wild Citrus species (Rutaceae): Citrus australasica F. Muell., C. inodora F.M. Bailey and C. garrawayi F.M. Bailey

The comparative morphology of the seeds of three Australian Citrus species, C. australasica C. inodora and C. garrawayi, was studied. Their seed characteristics were broadly similar to those of the cultivated species of the genus, when observed under light and scanning electron microscopy. Citrus garrawayi differed in seed shape (rounded to triangular) and seed coat morphology (i.e., thicker with longer epidermal protrusions) from C. australasica and C. inodora (rounded surface with flat underside in shape). The well-developed minute epidermal protrusions on the seed coat of C. garrawayi were more similar to those in the cultivated species, C. × sinensis and C. × aurantium. In contrast, the surface topography of C. australasica and C. inodora seeds was more like that of the cultivated species, C. × aurantifolia and C. × limon. Seed morphology, especially surface topography, was found to be a useful tool for taxonomic identification in Australian wild citrus.     

不同枣品种花粉的形态特征和萌发特性

为调控枣花芽分化,为丰产栽培提供理论指导,以鸡蛋枣、以色列1号枣、以色列3号枣、引-10枣、中秋酥脆枣5个枣品种为试材,采用纤维素酶法、电镜扫描、琼脂培养法对其进行花粉量、花粉形态、花粉萌发特性的研究。结果表明:(1)5个枣品种单药花粉量为311~1 115,其中以色列3号枣的花粉量最少,中秋酥脆枣的花粉量最多;(2)5个枣品种的花粉形态为长椭圆形或细长椭圆形,具3条狭长萌发沟,极端不汇合,表面为网状雕纹;(3)不同品种花粉萌发对培养基中硼酸及蔗糖浓度具有选择性,以色列1号枣、引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适硼酸质量浓度为10.0 mg/L,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适硼酸质量浓度分别为30.0、50.0 mg/L。引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适蔗糖质量分数分别为20%、15%,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适蔗糖质量分数为10%。以色列1号枣在各种培养条件下,平均萌发率为2.04%,属于雄性高度不育品种。     

Crown morphology of Norway spruce from usual tree measurements

Intr0ducti0nNorwayspruce(PiceaabiesKarst)is0l1eoflI1e111ostimportal1tc011iferinFra11ce.lnl99l,tI1etotaIareaofNorwaysprLICewasestimatedt0be723000I11112.ItsvoIUmewasl27Inilli0I1m3.Tl1eanl1uaIvoILl111eiI1crc-mentwas5.74millionm3.ltiswideIyacceptedII1atIargeri11itialspacingssI1ouldbeusednow.l111940's,thedensity0ftl1epIantatiol1rangedfr0m5000to10000stems/hm2.Nowtl1einitiaIdensityvariesbetweenI000to250Ostems/I1m2.TI1eIargestspacit1g111aybe650~800stems/hm2.S0ithasasignifica11cetostLldyt…     

基于风洞试验的风沙区光伏阵列近地表形态变化规律研究

[目的] 研究库布齐沙漠中段沙区光伏阵列扰动下地表形态变化规律及其与风环境的关系,为科学制定沙区光伏电站次生风沙危害防治技术方案提供理论依据。[方法] 运用风洞试验方法,分析光伏阵列与风向之间夹角为0°,45°,90°,135°和180°时光伏阵列地表蚀积空间分布规律和地表形态剖面特征。[结果] 夹角为±90°时,迎风侧前两排电板区域地表蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以轻度为主。第3—5排电板区域在前两排电板的遮蔽作用下风沙活动强度大幅降低。夹角为±45°时所有电板区域蚀积变化规律较为相似;45°时蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以中度和轻度为主,小范围出现重度堆积现象;-45°时风蚀和堆积均表现为以轻度和中度为主。以8 m/s风速条件为例,不同夹角条件光伏阵列地表蚀积强度表现为：45°>90°>-45°>-90°>0°。夹角为0°时最小,蚀积变化极差仅为1.265 cm。夹角为45°时最大,蚀积变化极差可达5.429 cm。夹角绝对值相等符号相反风况条件下,夹角为正值相较负值时光伏阵列地表风沙活动更为强烈。夹角为45°时蚀积强度是夹角为-45°时的1.566倍,夹角为90°时则是夹角为-90°时的1.269倍。[结论] 沙区光伏阵列次生风沙危害的防治技术方案设计应充分考虑区域主害风向条件。     

冲刷条件下裸露砒砂岩区坡面细沟微形态变化及其侵蚀特征

选择裸露砒砂岩坡面为研究对象,基于野外径流小区冲刷试验结合三维激光扫描技术,研究3种流量(60,100,200 L/h)与4个坡度(5°,10°,20°,30°)组合冲刷下砒砂岩区坡面细沟形态演变特征及径流侵蚀产沙机制.结果表明:坡面细沟在坡下最先发育,随着冲刷流量和坡面坡度的增大而向上延伸;细沟出现的时间随着坡度的增...     

Quantifying growth in maricultured corals using photogrammetry

In coral mariculture, growth is one of the most common ways to track success. However, numerous methods of monitoring coral growth make comparative studies challenging. A literature review of 39 studies from 1982 to 2017 indicated that the most predominant non‐invasive methods used were linear and areal measurement and these were evaluated for their accuracy using nursery‐reared corals. The monthly change in linear and areal growth rates of six coral species (n = 215), Pocillopora acuta, Hydnophora rigida, Merulina ampliata, Podabacia crustacea, Echinopora lamellosa and Platygyra sinensis were measured via photogrammetry. We tested whether the planar area of coral colonies can be estimated using three geometric formulas of linear measurements. Based on the literature review, the six types of measurement methods were namely linear, volume, weight, area, count of polyps/branches and calcification, in decreasing order of application. Our results showed that the change in area calculated by geometric mean diameter (GMD) formulas provided the most accurate estimation among the three formulas and was strongly correlated with planar area (R² ≥ .60; p < .05) for all coral species, except E. lamellosa and Pl. sinensis. However, our findings suggest that it is not ideal to use geometric formulas to estimate the change in area. Instead, we posit that areal photogrammetry represents the simplest yet accurate non‐invasive method for rapid monitoring of extensive areas of corals in situ. Lastly, we discuss the recommendations and limitations for areal photogrammetry.     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.     

额尔齐斯河银鲫形态学及COI基因序列分析

采用传统形态学方法和线粒体COI基因序列分析对额尔齐斯河银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)两个群体的形态和遗传差异进行了比较。结果显示:通过对8个可量性状和20个框架数据的主成分分析可以看出,两个群体分别占据两个不相重叠的区域,两个群体在形态上存在明显分化。COI基因序列分析显示,两群体之间遗传距离为0.012,群体间遗传距离是群体内最大遗传距离的4倍,两群体间在编码的氨基酸序列上出现了一处替换,群体遗分化指数值为0.96078,基因流值为0.01,表明群体间缺乏基因交流,群体间有明显的遗传分化。     

SEM-EDXA法测定分析柠檬桉木材中的晶体

采用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能量散射分析（SEM—EDXA）法对柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora木材中晶体的轴向分布、径向分布、形态和含量以及硅石的纳米结构进行了分析。结果表明：①柠檬桉木材中晶体主要分布在木射线细胞,形态多为菱形晶体;②柠檬桉木材钙元素含量高的可达所有元素含量的22％以上;③柠檬桉木材中晶体的纳米尺寸在350～400nm,晶体尺寸大小从树基向树梢呈递减趋势。图4表1参9