响应面法优化当归补血汤液体发酵工艺

为确定当归补血汤液体发酵的最佳工艺,本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌为发酵菌种,以多糖提取率为评价指标进行液体发酵工艺优化。首先采用单因素试验考察发酵培养基中葡萄糖和蛋白胨添加量、菌液接种量和发酵时间对多糖提取率的影响,再以此为基础,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计法,选取葡萄糖添加量、蛋白胨添加量、接种量、发酵时间为发酵优化的4个因素,以多糖提取率为响应值,设计4因素3水平的试验方案并进行响应面分析,以确定各因素与响应值多糖提取率的关系。结果显示,各因素对多糖提取率变化的贡献大小依次为葡萄糖添加量、蛋白胨添加量、接种量、发酵时间;利用响应面分析结果显示,蛋白胨添加量与接种量和发酵时间、接种量和发酵时间的交互作用较为显著,最终确定最佳发酵工艺条件为：葡萄糖添加量0.95%,蛋白胨添加量1.52%,接种量2.92%,发酵时间35.8 h。该条件下多糖提取率达到9.23%,与未发酵组（4.62%）相比,多糖含量提高近2倍。该工艺对液体发酵当归补血汤产多糖优化效果显著,为发酵当归补血汤的进一步开发利用提供了理论基础。     

The effect of short day treatments on containerized Douglas-fir morphology,physiology and phenology

The effect of short day treatments (blackout) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) container seedlings at the time of lift and following cold storage was investigated. Variables measured included height, root collar diameter (RCD), root growth capacity (RGC), photosynthetic efficiency after –18 °C freezing (PEF), and days to terminal bud break (DBB). From one to four blackout dormancy induction treatments were started on three dates (July 12, July 26, and August 10) with 10 or 20 d between multiple blackouts. Increasing the number of blackout treatments resulted in lower RCD, lower DBB in the late winter/early spring, and higher PEF in the early fall. Later blackout start dates decreased PEF in the early fall, and increased overall height and late fall RGC as compared to earlier blackout start dates. Nurseries growing Douglas-fir seedlings from coastal Pacific Northwest provenances should be aware that blackout regimes can decrease RGC in the late fall, and cause quicker dormancy release in the early spring. Coastal Douglas-fir can be lifted and planted in the early fall, when RGC and DBB are relatively high. If planting between February and April is necessary, seedlings given blackout should be cold stored in January to maintain an adequate level of dormancy, RGC and PEF.     

改进培养方法提高组培快繁技术的初探

通过简化培养基成分，去除有机物、琼脂等，可降低试管苗成本；采用自然光替代日光灯，并结合黑暗培养，可减少设备投入．有利于工厂化育苗生产。     

鸡抗球虫药的体外筛选综述

抗鸡球虫药的筛选分为体内筛选和体外筛选。体外筛选具有简易、迅速、准确和经济的优点。本文在前人大量工作的基础上，总结了体外筛选的全过程，并分述了细胞培养筛选法和鸡胚培养筛选法。     

牛奶中氯唑西林残留量的高效液相色谱法测定

为建立高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中氯唑西林残留的方法,牛奶样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,三氯甲烷反萃取,有机相旋干用流动相溶解,正己烷除脂。0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 5.0)-乙腈(68∶32)比例为流动相,C18反相色谱柱分离,紫外检测。结果氯唑西林在15μg/kg～1 000μg/kg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999 0;在15、30、60μg/kg三个添加水平,氯唑西林在牛奶中的平均回收率为70.25%～94.38%,批内变异系数小于8.34%,批间变异系数小于3.52%。方法检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为15μg/kg。表明该检测方法简单、灵敏、可靠,适用于牛奶中氯唑西林残留的分析检测。     

苜蓿雄性不育系组织培养技术的研究

以苜蓿雄性不育系Ms-4幼嫩茎段、叶片、叶柄为外植体,诱导苜蓿雄性不育系再生植株.结果表明:叶柄是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体,体细胞胚诱导率为90%,再生率49%.苜蓿雄性不育系插条生根的最佳处理为接种前用水进行预处理0.5h,外植体为完整插条,培养基为A1、A2,其生根率为97%,生根系数为5.3.     

添加不同酵母培养物对瘤胃纤维分解菌群和纤维素酶活的影响

用3种酵母培养物(YC- 1、YC 2和YC- 3)分别饲喂4头带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的肉牛,研究培养物对瘤胃发酵、纤维分解酶活性和3种纤维分解菌数量的影响,结果表明:YC 2处理的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总 VFA浓度显著高于对照组(P<0 .05),YC 1和YC 3处理的乙酸/丙酸比例显著降低(P<0 .01);各处理均能显著提高瘤胃内羧甲基纤维素酶、水杨苷酶和木聚糖酶的活性(P<0 .01);各处理都显著提高黄化瘤胃球菌的相对比例(P<0 .01),16SrRNA特异性寡聚核苷酸探针杂交法分析测定结果表明 3 种纤维分解菌在瘤胃细菌中所占比例为 3. 80%±0 .2%。     

睾丸支持细胞的功能、分离纯化及鉴定研究进展

支持细胞对维持精子形成过程中的微环境起决定作用,它可以通过分泌功能、细胞间连接形成的血睾屏障功能以及吞噬功能等来促进精子的形成过程,其发育异常会导致不同程度的雄性生殖缺陷。基于支持细胞在雄性动物生殖过程中的作用,体外培养高纯度支持细胞可成为研究睾丸两大核心功能-精子发生和性激素分泌功能相关调节机制重要的细胞模型。此外,体外培养睾丸支持细胞也可作为生殖毒理学等新兴热点领域的细胞模型,为评估和研究环境因素对雄性生殖的影响提供便利。因此,作者系统地归纳、总结了目前关于动物支持细胞生物功能的研究及常用的体外分离纯化、培养及鉴定方法,以期为利用动物支持细胞开展雄性生殖领域的研究提供参考。     

羊草与灰色赖草杂种F1再生体系的建立

对羊草(Leymus chinensis)与灰色赖草(Leymus cinereus)杂种F1幼穗进行离体培养,建立了杂种F1植株再生体系.结果表明:不含任何激素的MS培养基是最佳的分化培养基,分化成苗率为66%;2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导及其质地的改造有重要作用;3.0 mg/L 2,4-D MS培养基愈伤组织诱导率最高,为68%;2.0 mg/L 2、4-D MS诱导的愈伤组织胚性最强;诱导率与分化率没有直线对应关系;再生体系的建立为杂种F1育性恢复的研究奠定了基础.     

Effects of growth factors (EGF,PDGF-BB and TGF-beta 1) on cultured equine epithelial cells and keratocytes: implications for wound healing

Objective The physiologic mechanisms involving growth factors, including PDGF‐BB, EGF, and TGF‐β1, as potent mediators of fibroblasts and epithelial cells in corneal wound healing remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine culture methods for equine epithelial cells and keratocytes and to investigate how exogenous growth factors influence proliferation of both cell types. Procedures Cell cultures were established from healthy corneas harvested from horses immediately following euthanasia and maintained using standard tissue culture protocols. To determine the effects of PDGF‐BB, EGF, TGF‐β1, keratocytes (1 × 10⁵/well) and epithelial cells (2 × 10⁵/well) were each cultured in 12 well plates and exposed separately to the growth factors. The cells were exposed to concentrations of EGF between 0 and 50 ng/mL; PDGF‐BB between 0 and 75 ng/mL; and TGF‐β1 between 0 and 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was measured using ³H‐thymidine assay and differences in growth determined using anova and Tukey's HSD test (P < 0.05). Results Epithelial cell and keratocyte cultures were successfully established. EGF maximally stimulated keratocyte and epithelial cells at 25 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. PDGF‐BB maximally stimulated keratocytes and epithelial cells at 50 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. TGF‐β1 inhibited keratocytes at 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, and epithelial cells at 1 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL. Conclusions Methods were established to maintain epithelial cells and keratocytes in vitro. PDGF‐BB and EGF stimulate, while TGF‐β1 inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and keratocytes. These growth factors may play a role in maintenance and repair of the equine cornea.