灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵及药理作用的研究进展

以灵芝生长特性、液体发酵、药理作用为切入点,综合查询近5年发表的收录于中国知网和艾斯维尔等数据库中的相关文献,就灵芝的生物学特性、液体发酵条件、药理作用方面的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用灵芝资源提供依据。指出现今灵芝的药理作用等基础研究较多,而生长栽培和发酵条件优化的研究报道则较少,而其临床应用的机制则有待进一步探讨。     

Improved detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis in African wildlife samples using cationic peptide decontamination and mycobacterial culture supplementation

In South Africa, mycobacterial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in wildlife even though it is regarded as “imperfect.” We compared a novel decontamination and mycobacterial culture technique (TiKa) to the conventional mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT) system using known amounts of bacilli and clinical samples from MTBC-infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), and African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Use of the TiKa-KiC decontamination agent on samples spiked with 10,000 to 10 colony forming units (cfu) of M. bovis (SB0121) and M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) had no effect on isolate recovery in culture. In contrast, decontamination with MGIT MycoPrep resulted in no growth of M. bovis samples at concentrations < 1,000 cfu and M. tuberculosis samples < 100 cfu. Subsequently, we used the TiKa system with stored clinical samples (various lymphatic tissues) collected from wildlife and paucibacillary bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, trunk washes, and endotracheal tube washes from 3 species with known MTBC infections. Overall, MTBC recovery by culture was improved significantly (p < 0.01) by using TiKa compared to conventional MGIT, with 54 of 57 positive specimens versus 25 of 57 positive specimens, respectively. The TiKa mycobacterial growth system appears to significantly enhance the recovery of MTBC members from tissue and paucibacillary respiratory samples collected from African buffaloes, African elephants, and white rhinoceros. Moreover, the TiKa system may improve success of MTBC culture from various sample types previously deemed unculturable from other species.     

利用绿色荧光蛋白优化辣椒遗传转化体系

【目的】农杆菌介导的辣椒遗传转化较为困难,至今仍未建立高效转化体系。绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因是植物遗传转化中常用的报告基因,以GFP为报告基因,优化农杆菌介导的辣椒遗传转化体系。【方法】利用GFP表达系统,统计3个辣椒品种(‘HP’‘8214’和‘L55’)中3种不同外植体(子叶、下胚轴和Flamingo-bill外植体)的不定芽分化率、不定根分化率与荧光阳性率,探究农杆菌侵染浓度、侵染时间、预培养时间和共培养时间等因素对不定芽、不定根分化率及荧光阳性率的影响。【结果】3个辣椒品种的Flamingo-bill外植体不定芽分化率均显著高于下胚轴与子叶外植体,其中‘L55’ Flamingo-bill外植体的不定芽分化率最高、达77.59%,故选用‘L55’ Flamingo-bill外植体进行后续研究。4种农杆菌不同侵染浓度和时间组合下,‘L55’Flamingo-bill外植体均可产生不定芽、不定根及表达GFP的愈伤组织,当农杆菌侵染浓度为OD₆₀₀=0.05,侵染时间为30 min时,不定芽分化率和荧光阳性率最高,分别达48.39%、4.84%。在6种不同预培...     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

茄子的组织培养和植株再生体系研究

以2个茄子品种：红茄和紫长茄的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化的影响和不同品种、不同外植体的分化能力差异,并建立了茄子的高频率离体再生体系。结果表明：培养基MS＋2,4-D 1.0 mg/L＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L诱导愈伤组织效果最好;诱导不定芽方面,培养基MS＋4-PU 0.1 mg/L诱导效果最好;1/2MS培养基较MS培养基更适合植株生根。     

红金银花组织培养试验研究

以红金银花的顶芽为外植体,采用正交试验设计,对红金银花顶芽的初代培养、继代培养、生根培养进行了研究.结果表明:初代培养的最适培养基为:MS+6-BA(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.1～0.2 mg/L),最适蔗糖浓度为20.0 g/L;继代培养的最适培养基为MS+6-BA(1.5 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)+GA3(0.5 mg/L);生根培养以1/2MS+6-BA 0.25 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L,即可得到理想的生根苗.     

热带观赏水草日本荷根的组织培养

以日本荷根的根状茎为外植体,对日本荷根组织培养技术进行简要报道.     

刺葡萄愈伤组织的诱导和分化培养

以刺葡萄叶片为材料,在1／2MS培养基上附加不同种类及浓度配比的植物激素,研究叶片愈伤组织的诱导及分化培养。实验结果表明：叶片愈伤组织的诱导较容易,最佳诱导培养基配方为以ZT1．0mg／L＋2,4-D2．0mg／L,诱导率可达100％,光培养条件下刺葡萄叶片愈伤组织的诱导率比暗培养的诱导率高。继代培养愈伤组织能诱导出根,但诱导出芽不易,刺葡萄叶片再生植株较难。增殖培养ZT以1．0mg／L＋NAA0．01mg／L为佳,1周增殖率可达1．292％。     

被忽视的晚清诗文拓荒者——论胡先骕之诗文评

上个世纪20年代,胡先骕在《学衡》发表多篇关于清代诗词集的评论。他独具慧眼,对赵熙、阮大铖、刘光第等人的研究,皆有开山奠基之功,后世研究多以此为基础,可谓是晚清诗歌研究的拓荒者。在这些文章中,胡先骕强调道德节制、中庸等思想,反对白话文运动,体现了他保守主义的文化观。也正由于胡先骕的文化立场及其他复杂原因,导致其诗歌研究的开拓之功,长期以来未得到应有的重视。