柑橘渣对玉米、水稻生长和土壤肥力

通过盆栽试验研究施用柑橘渣对玉米、水稻生长和土壤肥力性状的影响。结果表明,施用不同用量柑橘渣增加水稻株高,降低玉米株高（施柑橘干渣5g/kg土的Oc5处理除外）。Oc5处理对玉米的生物量有明显的提高作用,而Oc20处理（施柑橘干渣20g/kg土）对提高水稻生物量的作用最大。柑橘渣促进玉米吸收钾素,抑制氮素和磷素的吸收。Oc20处理对水稻的全氮、全磷、全钾吸收有很好的促进作用。施用柑橘渣对土壤pH值影响不大,土壤有机质含量随柑橘渣施用量的增加而提高,其中玉米土壤有机质提高18．6％-69．7％,水稻土壤有机质提高0．5％-7．1％,旱地（玉米）土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾和淹水（水稻）土壤碱解氮含量也有随着柑橘渣施用量的增加而增大的趋势。     

5种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果(摘要)(英文)

[目的]研究5种中草药提取物对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)的体外抑菌效果。[方法]以鱼类常见病原菌嗜水气单胞菌为供试菌,测定了5种中草药对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用,并测定了其中效果较好的中草药的治愈率,确定了其最佳用药剂量。[结果]在相同试验条件下,5种中草药中五倍子(Rhuschinensis Mill)、石榴皮(Punica granatum L.)和诃子(Terminalia chebula Retz)对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑菌效果,其中五倍子抑菌效果显著高于其他几种中草药(P0.05)。五倍子治疗由嗜水气单胞菌引起的细菌性败血症的最佳治疗剂量为:0.5mg/ml五倍子药液药浴40min,治愈率为100%。[结论]该研究为鱼类暴发性细菌病的防治提供了科学的用药依据。     

两种生物农药对温室大棚秋番茄病毒病的防治效果

为减轻番茄病毒病的发生危害,采用测报调查、随机区组设计和统计分析等方法,对生物农药香菇多糖+赤·吲乙·芸苔和宁南霉素+赤·吲乙·芸苔防治番茄病毒病进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:在温室大棚秋季番茄病毒病发生较重情况下,每1hm2用0.5%香菇多糖AS 3 000mL+赤·吲乙·芸苔WP 600g、8%宁南霉素AS 900mL+赤·吲乙·芸苔WP 600g,7d施药1次,连续施用4次,药后10d、17d、26d和35d的防治效果均在88%、87%、78%和67%以上,且2种药剂防治效果差异不显著,但均极显著高于盐酸吗啉胍(对照药剂)+赤·吲乙·芸苔。     

不同药剂混配组合对二化螟的防治效果

选用毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素和甲维盐4种化学药剂的单剂及其混配组合,在室内对二化螟进行了毒力测定,筛选出最佳混配比例（有效成分）：毒死蜱与甲维盐（1∶1）、毒死蜱与氯虫苯甲酰胺（10∶1）、阿维菌素与氯虫苯甲酰胺（1∶1）、 阿维菌素与毒死蜱（1∶1）, 其共毒系数分别为376.77、 254.84、 247.10和682.34。 田间试验结果表明,室内所获得的混配组合对二化螟的防治效果均达到76.4%以上,可有效防治二化螟,且对水稻生长安全。     

杂交红麻产量性状的遗传效应与杂种优势

采用加性-显性遗传模型,分析36个杂交红麻产量性状遗传效应与杂种优势.结果表明:株高与皮厚主要受显性效应控制;现蕾天数、鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重受加性效应与显性效应共同控制;始果高度、茎粗则既不受加性效应影响,也不受显性效应影响;产量性状的狭义遗传率均较低.株高、皮厚、茎粗、始果高度等产量性状的狭义遗传率较低,育种中宜在高世代中选择.除现蕾天数外,其他产量性状的平均优势(Hpm)与超亲优势(Hpb)预测值均有正值,其中鲜皮重、干皮重杂种优势明显.F1代的生育期与产量呈负相关.株高与始果高度、茎粗、鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重等性状以及鲜茎重、鲜皮重、干皮重与其他性状间均呈显著或极显著相关.     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

Sodium bicarbonate protects uranium-induced acute nephrotoxicity through uranium-decorporation by urinary alkalinization in rats

To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in removing uranium and protecting animals from uranium toxicity, we intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate to 8-wk-old male SD rats, and 20 min after administration of uranyl nitrate, the animals were given a single oral administration of SB at 0.1, 0.3 or 1 g/kg. The SB treatment at a dose of 0.3 g/kg or more raised the pH of the rats’ urine until 4 h after treatment, and it significantly reduced the uranium amounts in the kidneys at 1 day after treatment. In another experiment, rats were intramuscularly administered 1 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate, and 20 min later, the animals were treated with sodium bicarbonate (0.1 or 1 g/kg). The rats were autopsied at 1, 3 and 7 days after uranium treatment. High-dose SB resulted in a significant increase in urinary uranium excretion in the first 24 h and a reduction of uranium deposition in the kidneys and femurs, and it also significantly suppressed uranium-induced renal toxicity, as shown by both histopathology and clinical chemistry at 3 days after uranium treatment. Low-dose SB did not show such marked effects. Our findings demonstrated that the uranium decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate was observed at the dosage showing urine alkalinization in rats and that decorporation effect of sodium bicarbonate might be beneficial if it is administered immediately after incorporation of soluble uranium.     

冀北山地河岸缓冲带净水效果研究

[目的]充分了解不同河岸植被缓冲带对地表径流污染物的去除效果.[方法]采用人工模拟地表径流的方法,选取冀北山地5种不同植被类型河岸植被缓冲带为研究对象,分析了其对地表径流中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除效果.[结果]在5种不同植被类型河岸植被带中,随着河岸缓冲带宽度的增加,各缓冲带对地表径流中COD、TN、TP的去除率基本呈增加趋势,但对各污染物的去除规律各异,华北落叶松林能在较窄的距离内较迅速去除径流中COD、TN、TP.[结论]各标准地对地表径流中不同污染物的削减各有优点,在对受污染的河流进行生态植被修复时,应当充分考虑当地河流水质污染特点选择植被类型.冀北山地在建设较窄河岸缓冲带时,可以优先考虑采用华北落叶松林.     

氮磷钾对俄罗斯大果沙棘扦插苗生长效应的影响

采用肥料效应回归分析试验设计,研究了N、P、K 3种营养元素对俄罗斯大果沙棘嫩枝扦插苗苗高和地径生长的影响,建立了回归模型。结果表明:施肥对苗木的生长有显著的促进作用,3种营养元素中,N对于苗高和地径的影响最大;3种营养元素对苗木的生长有交互影响,N和P、N和K对苗高和地径的交互影响较大。俄罗斯大果沙棘嫩枝扦插苗N、P、K的最适施用量为253.8～303.17、153.23～194.57、140.13～144.28 kg.hm-2。     

中国渔业“大国效应”特征、战略选择及其政策建议

中国是渔业大国,但与其他渔业大国相比,存在显著不同的发展环境、条件和特点。本文在以往讨论我国渔业大国的基础上,综合学者的研究成果,以大国效应为视点,讨论我国渔业大国现象特征、研究其规律;归纳分析了秘鲁、日本和前苏联等渔业大国的优势陷阱;对我国渔业战略发展提出积极运用渔业大国效应、保持领先发展战略的政策建议。