元阳梯田核心区不同土地利用类型土壤水文效应研究

为了揭示元阳梯田区森林土壤涵养水源的机理,采用双环法和环刀法等,对元阳梯田核心区有林地、灌木林地、荒草地和坡耕地的持水性能及孔隙情况等进行了研究。结果表明:土壤的质地和有机质对土壤的持水量有重要影响;有机质对土壤持水能力产生直接影响,有机质含量越多,土壤的持水能力越强;质地对土壤的持水能力产生间接影响:灌木林地土壤的持水量最大,深度0—20cm的灌木林地土壤的总持水量为1 404.8t/hm2;土壤的初期含水量对土壤的初渗速率有较大影响,4种土地利用类型中以荒草地的初渗速率为最大。由结果可知,元阳梯田区森林具有持水能力强、入渗特性好的特点,充分发挥了森林调节水文的功能。     

高良姜提取物对PC12细胞的神经保护作用

通过建立H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤模型;采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,利用荧光显微镜观察细胞形态;检测细胞中乳酸脱氢酶漏出率,丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GGSH-Px)活性,评价高良姜提取物对H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明,高良姜提取物能明显降低细胞内乳酸脱氢酶漏出率,降低细胞内MDA含量,提高SOD和GGSH-Px的活性,且具有浓度依赖性,由此推断,高良姜提取物对H2O2介导的PC12细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

75%吡蚜酮WP对水稻稻飞虱的田间防治效果

[目的]进一步明确75%吡蚜酮WP对水稻稻飞虱的田间防治效果。[方法]设置66.00 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、100.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP,以300.00 g/hm225%吡蚜酮WP为对照,研究各处理对水稻稻飞虱的防治效果。[结果]药后3 d 66.00 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、100.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP的平均防治效果为71.75%、79.19%、84.60%,药后20 d的防治效果为65.23%、76.52%、81.11%。[结论]160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP可有效地控制稻飞虱对水稻的危害。     

致病疫霉拮抗菌梨黑斑病菌发酵条件的优化

为提高梨黑斑病菌(Alternaria kikuchiana)102菌株发酵产物对致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)Z182菌株生长的抑制效率,本研究利用涂布法和滤纸片法、采用单因素试验设计方法,在静置培养条件下,对梨黑斑病菌的最佳发酵条件进行了优化。结果显示,该菌株在28℃、自然pH、80 mL/250 mL装液量、6%接种量、黑暗培养8 d,所得发酵液对致病疫霉有较强的抑制作用,抑菌率可达85.7%。该菌株的抑制率优化后比优化前高出约15%,表明利用该菌株在抑制致病疫霉生长方面有进一步研究和利用的潜力。     

Spasmolytic Effect of Caulerpine Involves Blockade of Ca2+ Influx on Guinea Pig Ileum

In this work, we investigated the spasmolytic effect of caulerpine, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from marine algae of the Caulerpa genus, on guinea pig ileum. Our findings indicated that caulerpine inhibited phasic contractions induced by carbachol (IC₅₀ = 7.0 ± 1.9 × 10⁻⁵ M), histamine (IC₅₀ = 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁴ M) and serotonin (IC₅₀ = 8.0 ± 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ M) in a non-selective manner. Furthermore, caulerpine concentration-dependently inhibited serotonin-induced cumulative contractions (pD′₂ = 4.48 ± 0.08), shifting the curves to the right with E_max reduction and slope of 2.44 ± 0.21, suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism pseudo-irreversible. The alkaloid also relaxed the ileum pre-contracted by KCl (EC₅₀ = 9.0 ± 0.9 × 10⁻⁵ M) and carbachol (EC₅₀ = 4.6 ± 0.7 × 10⁻⁵ M) in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was probably due to inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca_V), since caulerpine slightly inhibited the CaCl₂-induced contractions in depolarizing medium without Ca²⁺, shifting the curves to the right and with E_max reduction. According to these results, the spasmolytic effect of caulerpine on guinea pig ileum seems to involve inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx through Ca_V. However, other mechanisms are not discarded.     

杜鹃冠网蝽的药剂防治试验

为了给杜鹃冠网蝽的化学防治提供理论依据,选择阿维菌素、吡虫啉等药剂进行药效试验。结果表明:1.8%阿维菌素、10%吡虫啉对杜鹃冠网蝽有较好的防治效果,药后3 d防效分别达97.4%和96.8%。     

蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的防效及毒力分析

用2%蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的防治试验结果表明,处理72 h后,蛇床子素乳油对玉米象的致死中浓度LC50为5.348 6mg·kg-1,其防治效果较好.     

70% TM435水分散粒剂防治冬小麦田阔叶杂草药效试验

对70%TM435 WG防治冬小麦田阔叶杂草的效果进行了田间药效试验,结果表明,70%TM435WG速效性好、持效期长,各供试剂量对婆婆纳和猪殃殃的株防效分别达86.6%和76.5%以上,鲜重防效分别达97.93%和88.54%以上,均显著优于20%使它隆EC600 mL/hm2处理.综合成本、安全性及除草效果,建议70%TM435 WG在关中地区冬麦田的适宜用药剂量为30～45 g/hm2或15～30 g 助剂150 g/hm2.     

In vitro interactions between Neoparamoeba sp. and Atlantic salmon epithelial cells

Neoparamoeba sp., including the putative aetiological agent of amoebic gill disease in cultured fish (N. pemaquidensis), were incubated in vitro with an Atlantic salmon gill epithelium (RGE-2) cell line. Proliferation by the amoeba population was dependent upon culture osmolarity; no growth occurred at 330 mm x kg(-1) but a sixfold increase was observed at 1000 mm x kg(-1). At 780 mm x kg(-1) there was a fourfold increase in the amoeba population but a concurrent decrease in RGE-2 cell density that was significantly greater than that caused by the high culture osmolarity alone. This apparent cytopathic effect (CPE) developed rapidly and resulted in complete cytolysis of the monolayer in 5 days. CPE occurred in multiple foci and presented as cell vacuolation, rounding and clumping, and the rapid clearance of large areas of the cell monolayer. The possibility that CPE is because of the presence of Neoparamoeba sp. derived cytolytic products is discussed in the context of the pathology of the disease in vivo and the occurrence of secreted cytopathogenic compounds in other amoeba species.     

包膜控释尿素对大棚番茄的增产与品质提高效应

对施用包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的大棚番茄进行了田间生产条件下产量与品质对比分析试验。结果表明:与普通尿素相比施用控释尿素有显著的增产效果。D 60控释处理(控释期60 d)产量最高,为68.85 t/hm2,比对照增产19.39 t/hm2,增产率为39.2%;比尿素增产10.10 t/hm2,增产率为17.2%;D 90(控释期90 d)比对照增产15.37 t/hm2,增产率为31.0%;比尿素增产6.08 t/hm2。增产率为10.3%;D 90与D 60两种控释尿素之间产量差异不显著。控释尿素具有增加单株果数、单果重的效果。D 90与D 60氮素当季利用率比普通尿素分别高65.5%和108.8%。硝酸盐含量,以D 90为最低,仅比对照高4.4%,比普通尿素低56%;D 60比对照高15%,比尿素处理低51.6%;尿素处理比对照高137.3%。V c和氨基酸含量,D 90为最高,分别比对照高1.00倍和2.46倍;比普通尿素处理高22%和100%;D 60与尿素两处理V c含量差异不显著,但氨基酸总量前者却比后者高48%。可溶性糖含量以D 60较高,普通尿素为最低。综合品质指标为:D 90>D 60>U。说明控释尿素具有显著地增产效应和提高蔬菜品质的突出效应,特别在提高蔬菜的安全品质方面贡献最大。综合各项,在番茄生产中以选用控释期为60 d的包膜控释尿素为最好。