极简主义对现代园林艺术的影响

通过对极简主义艺术的起源,特点以及理念的探讨;对极简主义园林东西方渊源的追溯及对现代园林中具有极简主义特征的实例的分析,总结出极简主义艺术在内在文化理念、外在创作形式两个方面对现代园林的影响,指出了学习西方极简主义园林对我国现代园林景观发展的实际意义。     

Progress in Research of Chinese Wetland Parks

There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.     

An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes

There is often need to measure aggregation levels of spatial patterns within a single map class in landscape ecological studies. The contagion index (CI), shape index (SI), and probability of adjacency of the same class (Qi), all have certain limits when measuring aggregation of spatial patterns. We have developed an aggregation index (AI) that is class specific and independent of landscape composition. AI assumes that a class with the highest level of aggregation (AI =1) is comprised of pixels sharing the most possible edges. A class whose pixels share no edges (completely disaggregated) has the lowest level of aggregation (AI =0). AI is similar to SI and Qi, but it calculates aggregation more precisely than the latter two. We have evaluated the performance of AI under varied levels of (1) aggregation, (2) number of patches, (3) spatial resolutions, and (4) real species distribution maps at various spatial scales. AI was able to produce reasonable results under all these circumstances. Since it is class specific, it is more precise than CI, which measures overall landscape aggregation. Thus, AI provides a quantitative basis to correlate the spatial pattern of a class with a specific process. Since AI is a ratio variable, map units do not affect the calculation. It can be compared between classes from the same or different landscapes, or even the same classes from the same landscape under different resolutions.     

果蔬盆景的发展及产业化初探

果蔬盆景作为新兴产业发展迅速,本文阐述了果蔬盆景的发展现状、特点,分析了果蔬盆景产业化发展的优势,并根据我省发展状况提出了建议。     

坝竹和小篷竹景观效果及实生苗培育

实地调查了黔北坝竹和黔南小蓬竹天然林景观效果,并进行了引种及实生苗培育试验。结果表明：2个竹种在喀斯特石山地沿岩壁下垂如帘,形态飘逸,颇为美观。坝竹实生苗人工培育1年时,每株苗分蘖11个左右,苗高50 cm左右,培育15个月时苗高74 cm左右;小蓬竹实生苗人工培育1年时,每株苗分蘖7个左右,苗高72 cm左右,培育15个月时苗高77 cm左右。研究结果可为坝竹和小篷竹的边坡绿化及盆栽观赏提供参考。     

国内乡村聚落景观研究综述

摘要：从聚落景观研究入手,对国内乡村聚落景观研究的基础理论、研究内容、研究方法和技术以及综述聚落景观研究的主要流派等进行介绍,指出在研究方法上侧重于定性描述,采用定量分析研究少,没有形成一个很好的古村落景观研究的评价体系。     

基于不同城市空间类型的广州天际线特点研究

通过对广州城市天际线不足之处的分析,对广州居住区、政府办事区、城市公共绿地等不同城市空间类型的景观天际线特点进行研究,分析其对人们的环境感染力。同时,对广州城市景观天际线的营造提出建议,为创造典型、有特色的城市空间环境提供参考依据。     

临沂市水生植物的选择与应用

通过对临沂市常见的水生植物的名称,科属、观赏特征、生长区域、生态习性等方面进行详细地介绍,分析水生植物在临沂市应用存在的问题,根据水生植物的特点提出它在园林应用中的常见形式。     

Applying Local Measures of Spatial Heterogeneity to Landsat-TM Images for Predicting Wildfire Occurrence in Mediterranean Landscapes

In mountainous Mediterranean regions, land abandonment processes in past decades are hypothesized to trigger secondary vegetal succession and homogenization, which in recent years has increased the size of burned areas. We conducted an analysis of temporal changes in landscape vegetal spatial pattern over a 15-year period (1984–1998) in a rural area of 672.3 km² in Eastern Spain to investigate the relationship between local landscape heterogeneity and wildfire occurrence. Heterogeneity was analyzed from textural metrics derived from non-classified remote sensing data at several periods, and was related to wildfire history in the study area. Several neural network models found significant relationships between local spatial pattern and future fire occurrence. In this study, sensitivity analysis of the texture variables suggested that fire occurrence, estimated as probability of burning in the near future, increased where local homogeneity was higher.     

青藏高原东部高寒沼泽湿地动态变化及其驱动因素研究

20世纪中后期以来,在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下,青藏高原湿地生态系统变的极其敏感和脆弱。运用遥感与地理信息系统技术,以Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像为主要数据源,解译了青藏高原东部甘南和川西北地区1991、2000、2010和2016年4个时期的沼泽湿地;利用转移矩阵和湿地动态度,分析了沼泽湿地的空间变化、转移方向和变化速率;采用景观指数,分析了沼泽湿地景观格局变化;结合气象数据和相关统计资料并利用灰色关联度法,分析了沼泽湿地变化的驱动因素。结果表明: 1)研究区沼泽湿地主要分布在东北部,1991-2016年4个时期的面积分别为6739.89、6231.39、5849.59和5649.35 km²,处于持续减少的状态,26年间面积共减少了1090.54 km²。2)26年来,研究区沼泽湿地的动态度从-7.54%减小至-3.42%,面积变化速率持续减慢,高寒草地是沼泽湿地转出和转入的主要类型。3)沼泽湿地的斑块数量先增加后减少,斑块密度持续增大,反映了沼泽湿地的破碎程度增高;最大斑块指数先降低后小幅升高,斑块形状指数先升高后小幅下降,反映了沼泽湿地的优势度降低,景观形状趋于复杂化;分离度指数先增大后小幅减小,聚集度持续降低,反映了沼泽湿地从单独紧凑的状态趋向离散化发展。4)人为因素是影响青藏高原东部沼泽湿地面积变化的首要原因,其次受到气候因素的影响,各因子影响力大小依次是牧业生产总值>国民生产总值(GDP)>人口数量>温度>蒸发量。沼泽湿地面积与各因子呈明显的负相关关系,面积随牧业生产总值、GDP、人口数量、温度和蒸发量的增加而减小。