春大棚基质化栽培辣椒品种比较试验

为了提高甜辣椒规模化、产业化生产的竞争力,进一步提高产量、效益和品质,加快甜辣椒栽培管理技术的推广和应用,特引进7个辣椒新品种并采用基质化栽培管理模式进行对比研究。通过对辣椒生长势、品质和产量的比较分析,结果表明:夏驰、国福908、海迈604表现突出,具有个大、肉厚、口感好、品质优、连续坐果性好等特点,而且产量、效益较高,抗病性强,适合设施基质化栽培生产,有很好的推广价值。     

苦瓜新品种淮农青1号的选育

为了选育早熟、产量高、抗病性强、微苦的苦瓜新品种,以B19强雌系为母本,以B118苦瓜自交系为父本,进行杂交、分离后,经系统选育,培育出苦瓜新品种——淮农青1号。其早熟,果皮翠绿色,长纺锤形,口感脆嫩;前期平均667 m2产量1 126.2 kg,比对照增产25.5%,平均667 m~2总产量达2 740.8 kg,比对照增产26.3%;中抗白粉病,适合江苏省春季大棚栽培。     

8株优良大豆根瘤菌与不同地区27个大豆主栽品种的匹配性研究

大豆是我国重要的油料作物和高蛋白粮饲兼用作物,具有与根瘤菌共生固氮的能力。近十几年来,我国大豆品种更新快,导致大豆根瘤菌株与新品种匹配能力差、接种效果不明显。筛选与主栽大豆品种匹配性好、固氮效率高的广谱性优良菌株,可为针对性的施用大豆根瘤菌接种剂提供菌种资源和方案。选取本实验室前期分离保存的6个优良快生型大豆根瘤菌株和2个慢生型大豆根瘤菌株,在砂培盆栽条件下与不同地区的27个大豆主栽品种进行匹配试验。测定分析了植株地上部分生物量、高度、根瘤数量、根瘤生物量和根瘤固氮酶活指标。结果表明:不同大豆根瘤菌之间结瘤固氮能力存在极显著的差异;供试根瘤菌均能够与国内24个大豆品种结瘤,广谱性较好;植株地上部分高度、根瘤数量、根瘤生物量和根瘤固氮酶活与地上部分生物量呈显著相关;大部分接种根瘤菌后的植物生物量显著高于CK;HN01、GR3、HH29、HH103匹配性和固氮效率均不逊色于USDA110,具有在东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江流域、东南地区推广的潜能;从品种来看,中豆39、BD2、天隆1号与8株供试大豆根瘤菌的匹配接种表现出高生物量特点。此外,本文还筛选出大豆-大豆根瘤菌的表型最佳匹配组合中豆39-GR3,适合长江流域地区;同样筛选到东北地区、黄淮海地区、东南地区最佳匹配组合,分别是HN01-辽豆14、HN01-徐豆14、HN01-BD2。本文初步建立了优良根瘤菌与大豆主栽品种的匹配关系,为在田间试验中进一步筛选和应用这些优良菌株提供了材料和指导。     

不同木屑颗粒度对工厂化压块香菇生长的影响

以香菇(Lentinula edodes)工厂化生产品种沪香F2为供试菌株,以香菇生产常用配方(78%木屑,20%麸皮,2%石膏)为基础培养料,以菌丝生长速度、子实体产量、单菇重、出菇期、生物学效率以及菇型等为筛选指标,考察不同木屑颗粒度配比对工厂化压块条件下香菇生产的影响。结果表明:颗粒度组合M3(K1∶1.5mm以下,K2∶1.5~3.0mm,K3∶3.0~8.0mm;K1∶K2∶K3=1∶1∶1)的菌丝生长速度最快[(5.2±0.8)mm/d],单菇重最大[(27.1±1.0)g],产量较高[(178.7±3.6)g],菇型好,第一潮菇生物转化率可达到40.8%,生产周期可控制在100d以内,适合于在工厂化条件下应用。     

An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short‐term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems

Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs (Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs ($ ha^?1 calculated as change in operating profit divided by unit change of the trait) for additional DM produced in different seasons of the year in four regions. The EV of early spring DM was consistently high across all regions, whereas EV for late spring DM was moderate to low. Genotype × environment analysis revealed significant reranking of DM yield among ryegrass cultivars across regions. Hence, separate performance values (PVs) were calculated for two mega‐environments and then combined with the corresponding season and region EV to calculate the overall EV for twenty‐three perennial ryegrass and fifteen short‐term ryegrass cultivars. The difference in operating profit between the highest ranked and lowest ranked perennial ryegrass cultivar ranged from $556 ha^?1 to $863 ha^?1 year^?1 depending on region. For short‐term ryegrasses used for winter feed, the corresponding range was $394 to $478 ha^?1 year^?1. Using PV for DM yield, it was estimated that plant improvement in perennial ryegrass has added $12–$18 ha^?1 year^?1 (depending on region) operating profit on dairy farms since the mid‐1960s.     

Responses of glutamine synthetase activity and gene expression to nitrogen levels in winter wheat cultivars with different grain protein content

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism, which improves crops grain protein content. A pot experiment in field condition was carried out to evaluate GS expression and activity, and grain protein content in high (Wanmai16) and low grain protein (Loumai24) wheat cultivars under two N levels (0.05 and 0.15 g N kg⁻¹ soil). High nitrogen (HN) resulted in significant increases in GS1 and GS2 expression at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and higher GS activity during the entire grain filling stage. HN also significantly increased yield, grain protein content and protein fraction (except for glutenin of Luomai24) in two wheat cultivars, which indicated that it increased grain yield and protein content by improving nitrogen metabolism. Wanmai16 showed higher grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content, and had higher expression level of GS2 both in flag leaves and grains at early grain filling stage. However, Luomai24 had greater yield and higher expression level of GS1. The difference expression of GS2 and GS1 genes indicates they had various contributions to the accumulation of protein and starch in wheat grains, respectively. The results suggest that GS2 would be serving as a potential breeding target for improving wheat quality.     

非洲菊新品种‘红袍’

‘红袍’是由母本‘罗丽娜’和父本‘爱国者’经杂交选育而成的标准型切花非洲菊新品种。花序正面紫红色,花心黑色,半重瓣,花序直径11~13 cm,花梗长52~69 cm,花梗硬朗。温室栽培单株年产切花22~26枝,耐储运,瓶插期12~13 d。     

板栗新品种‘燕秋’

‘燕秋’是在河北省青龙县板栗实生资源调查中选出的优良新品种。具有耐短截、丰产、优质等优良特性。9月上旬成熟。坚果整齐度高,单果质量8.3 g,红褐色,油亮,绒毛稀疏,底座中;果肉乳黄色,炒食香、甜、糯俱佳,适宜糖炒。单株产量达8.1 kg,折合产量4 028.3 kg·hm~(-2)。适宜在燕山板栗主栽区的山地、丘陵栽培。授粉树配置以‘燕山早丰’、‘燕龙’、‘燕奎’为宜。     

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’是从福建省尤溪县‘尤溪金柑’园中优良实生单株选育而成。生长健壮。果实近球形,果皮橙黄至橙红色,单果质量17~26 g,皮肉脆嫩化渣,酸甜可口,风味浓。果汁可溶性固形物含量13%,总酸0.8%,总糖9%,维生素C 394 mg·L~(-1)。每果种子数5~7个。成熟期在11月上旬,比‘尤溪金柑’早15~20 d。适宜在福建省尤溪金柑适栽区种植。     

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’

番茄新品种‘辽粉2号’为无限生长类型一代杂种。生长势强,抗黄化曲叶病毒病、烟草花叶病毒病、叶霉病、根结线虫病等。果实扁圆形,粉红色,有绿肩,平均单果质量142 g。可溶性固形物含量4.7%。产量高,留3穗果平均产量可达109.1 t·hm~(-2)。果实口感好,硬度中等,耐贮运性好。