小RNA病毒基因组3'非编码区.结构与功能研究进展

小RNA病毒属于单股正链RNA病毒,包括肠道病毒属、鼻病毒属、心脏病毒属、口疮病毒属和肝病毒属等几个主要的属.口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)是该科病毒的典型代表.小RNA基因组的末端具有非编码区(UTR),是病毒基因组复制的主要调控位点,3'非编码(3'...     

鹅细小病毒强毒YBLJ分离株的分离鉴定与vp3基因的进化分析

为分离鹅细小病毒(GPV),本研究将疑似GPV感染鹅的组织样品接种SPF鹅胚进行病毒分离和鉴定.结果显示,第4代病毒对12日龄鹅胚的平均致死时间为96 h,ELD50为10-4.6/0.5 mL,PCR和琼脂扩散试验均呈GPV阳性反应,负染电镜下可观察到直径20 nm～25 nm的圆形或六角形病毒粒子,病毒可以被GPV标准阳性血清完全中和,回归雏鹅后表现典型的GP临床症状和特征性病理变化,发病率和致死率均为100％.分离株GPV的vp3基因全长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,与国内外有代表性11株GPVvp3基因的核苷酸同源性为94％～98％,氨基酸同源性为96％～99％.将该分离病毒命名为GPVYBLJ分离株.     

一株3型牛腺病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究于2009年由患急性呼吸道疾病牛的鼻拭子中分离获得一株病毒,经形态特征、血清学试验及PCR鉴定表明,该病毒与牛腺病毒3型(BAV-3)相似。对其E2A基因进行序列测定,并与GenBank中登录的BAV1型、3型、4型及人、绵羊、鼠等其它种属来源的腺病毒E2A基因序列进行比对及系统进化分析,结果显示该分离株与BAV-3的同源性为95.5%。经MEGA4软件分析,分离株与BAV-3验证值为100,表明其为BAV-3,并命名为BAV-3HLJ0955株。对该分离株热敏感试验表明,BAV-3 HLJ0955在56℃ 30min可被完全灭活,属于BAV第一群。这是国内首次分离获得BAV-3的报道。     

Expression of 14-3-3 σ protein in normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland

14-3-3 σ protein is a negative cell cycle regulator, with both reduced and elevated levels associated with cancer in humans. This study assessed the expression of this protein in canine mammary tissues using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. 14-3-3 σ was detected in 97% of the mammary tissue samples examined and was found in both myoepithelial (MECs) and epithelial (ECs) cells. Expression levels were elevated and reduced in neoplastic ECs and MECs, respectively (P < 0.001). Intense expression of 14-3-3 σ was detected in neoplastic ECs infiltrating blood vessels and lymph nodes and suggests a possible role for this protein in the malignant transformation of mammary neoplasms. Moreover, double immunostaining for 14-3-3 σ and the MEC – specific marker p63, confirmed that 14-3-3 σ is a highly sensitive marker of MECs since all p63 – positive cells were also positive for 14-3-3 σ. However, this protein is not exclusive to MECs as ECs also labelled positively.     

不同品种牛血清对3T3L1前脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响

研究不同品种牛血清对3T3-L1细胞增殖与分化的影响,采用模型细胞体外培养法模拟牛脂肪组织生长环境,为牛大理石纹肉早期选择提供一种可能性的方法。抽取17头秦川牛和28头秦杂牛血清,先制备没灭活和灭活血清组培养细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖相对数,油红O检测脂肪含量,再用不同品种牛血清培养细胞,检测细胞增殖相对数和脂肪含量,以及用比色法测定三磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GPDH)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性。结果表明,灭活血清培养细胞的增殖相对数量在分化培养第2和4天与分化脂肪含量在第2、4、6和8天都极显著高于没灭活血清组 (P＜0.01);秦杂牛血清培养细胞的数量在第2和4天显著高于秦川牛 (P＜0.05),秦川牛血清培养细胞分化的脂肪含量在第8天显著高于秦杂牛 (P＜0.05),其他天数没有显著性差异 (P＞0.05);分化第8天的细胞内GPDH和FAS酶活两牛种间没有显著性差异 (P＞0.05)。结果显示自制血清灭活比没灭活的更利于细胞的培养;牛血清品种是影响前脂肪细胞增殖与分化的因素,秦杂牛血清可能更有利于前脂肪细胞的增殖,而秦川牛血清可能更有利于前脂肪细胞的分化,但仍需进一步研究。     

转BADH基因山苜3号(SLM07)紫花苜蓿新品种选育

通过农杆菌介导法将BADH基因成功导人中苜1号紫花苜蓿基因组中,以生长习性、花色、生物量、抗逆性等性状特征为选育目标,选育出了符合既定目标的耐盐苜蓿,定名为山苜3号(SLM07)(Medicago sativa L.cv.Shanmu No.3).通过品比试验、区域试验和生产试验表明,在不同含盐量地区其产草量明显高于中苜1号,生产试验的干草增产率为16.22%～21.52%,为我国耐盐牧草生产提供了新的种质资源.     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

GA3对葡萄果实淀粉积累及代谢相关酶活性的影响

以3a生全球红葡萄为试材,研究了用不同浓度的赤霉素（GA₃）在花前、花后2次处理葡萄果穗后,测定其对葡萄果实淀粉积累规律以及淀粉代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:GA₃处理增加了葡萄果实可溶性糖积累速率,蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性增加,以20mg/L GA₃处理最为显著;经GA₃处理的果实前期淀粉含量有不同程度的增加,总淀粉酶、α-淀粉酶活性增大,而对β-淀粉酶无明显影响。因此,GA₃与淀粉积累调控机理之间存在密切的联系。     

渭北旱塬区不同栽培模式对小麦产量与土壤水分及硝态氮累积的影响

渭北旱塬小麦生产中需要克服的主要限制因子是水分不足,寻求合理的栽培措施以提高天然降水的利用率对于产量提高具有重要意义.本试验通过2a大田试验,研究了不同栽培措施对冬小麦产量及0～200 cm土层水分与硝态氮累积的影响.结果表明:(1)推荐施肥+垄上覆膜+沟内覆草(NP+ PF+ S)与推荐施肥+垄上覆膜(NP+ PF)两种垄沟栽培模式,虽然单位面积穗数明显降低,但由于穗粒数、千粒重显著高于其它栽培模式,因此产量和水分利用效率在所有模式中为最高.(2) NP+ PF+S和NP+ PF模式在小麦生育期内明显增加了土壤储水量,尤其在冬小麦易遭水分胁迫的时期(3-5月),其土层中储水量要明显高于其他模式.(3)土壤中硝态氮的累积主要集中在60cm以上,随着土壤深度的增加,累积量逐渐减少.在第二季,塬面冬小麦NP+ PF+S处理的硝态氮累积显著高于其它处理.在梯田,NP+S处理出现明显累积.由此可见,推荐施肥+垄沟栽培模式虽然促进土壤中氮素的累积,但是显著提高降水的有效贮蓄,是渭北旱塬区雨养农业条件下维持冬小麦高产的合理栽培模式.     

农药中间体5-乙基吡啶-2,3-二甲酸二乙酯的清洁合成

本文介绍了农药中间体5-乙基吡啶-2,3-二甲酸二乙酯合成路线,通过试验分析,将生产过程中产生的废水进行回收,选择出适合工业化的清洁合成工艺,无三废,实现清洁合成。2步反应得到产品,总收率为70%(以乙氧基乙酸乙酯计),含量为85%。