利用重组自交系群体检测水稻耐铝毒数量性状基因座

利用Kinmaze / DV85 81个重组自交家系(RIL)作图群体,采用苗期单营养液水培鉴定方法,以相对根伸长量（RRE）作为耐铝毒性状的表型值,分析亲本和重组自交系群体对铝毒的耐性表现。利用Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a软件共检测到5个耐铝毒QTLs,分别位于第1、5、8、9和11染色体上,各个QTL的贡献率在8.64%～18.60%之间,其     

Marker‐assisted breeding for improvement of anaerobic germination in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)

Direct seeding is increasingly being practiced in rice cultivation areas because it saves labour and reduces cost of production and management. In this study, four japonica‐type breeding lines were developed from a cross of a japonica cultivar and an AG‐tolerant donor, KHO, using marker‐assisted selection. Validation of the target genes AG1 and AG2 in the selected lines was examined by PCR analysis and the background recovery rate by the recurrent parent was confirmed by genotyping using a 6K SNP chip. Compared to the recurrent, the survival rates of the selected lines were improved in a range from 33% to 115% in three conditions; in particular, the survival rate was increased in more than twice that of the recurrent parent under the hypoxic condition. The main agronomic trait, yield and quality‐related traits were similar to those of the recurrent parent. The use of these lines will contribute to the expansion of the cultivation area due to the proven economic benefits of direct seeding in Korea.     

早稻种子包衣直播育秧研究

早稻不催芽直播育秧，抗寒力强，成秧率高，可早播、早熟和省工、省种。是传统育秧方法的创新。种衣剂有防治病、虫、鼠害和营养壮苗作用，它与直播育秧技术结合，可以不侵种直播干谷，又使种衣剂免于在浸种中溶解淋失，两者优势互补，合成一项具有高科技结晶，操作性强。新型实效，简单易行的育秧技术。     

玉米自交系籽粒性状与种子萌发能力的关系研究

针对不同血缘的玉米种质资源,探讨自交系籽粒性状与种子萌发能力之间的关系,为选育强发芽势玉米品种提供依据。以玉米自交系为材料,鉴定供试材料的籽粒类型、百粒重,同时采用纸间萌发法,测定发芽势、发芽率、根长和芽长等性状。结果表明,玉米自交系的籽粒大小与种子萌发性状存在显著相关性,即籽粒大小与发芽率、发芽势呈显著相关,均为负向低度相关。其中,百粒重与发芽势的相关系数为-0.133,百粒重与发芽率的相关系数为-0.132。籽粒大小与根长、芽长呈极显著相关,均为负向低度相关。其中,百粒重与根长的相关性为-0.222,百粒重与芽长的相关性为-0.215。籽粒类型与种子萌发不存在显著相关性,其相关系数均小于0.1。发芽率和发芽势、根长和芽长间均呈极显著正相关,相关系数均大于0.5。通过百粒重性状可以推断自交系芽期活力的强弱。     

Integrated Evaluation and the Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Semi-Wild Cotton under Complex Salt-Alkali Stress

[Objective] The genetic diversity of semi-wild cotton was abundant, so more new elite resistant genes could be found and applied to improve the resistance of cotton. The aim of this study was to primarily study on the regulation of response to salt-alkali stress, explore the method of integrated evaluation and characterize the resistance of semi-wild cotton. [Method] Four semi-wild and two cultivated Gossypium hirsutum accessions were evaluated for phonotypical, physiological and biochemical traits under alkali-salt versus normal conditions in hydroponic solutions. The alkali-salt tolerance was determined based on principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, grey rational analysis and analysis of variance. [Result] On the basis of the overall results, the alkali-salt stress tolerance of the six accessions was ranked as: Marie-galante85 > Latifolium32 > CRI16 > CRI12 > Latifolium40 > Latifolium130. Roots were found to be the most important responsive systems to complex alkali-salt stress. At seedling growth stage, the active scavenging system played a crucial role in response to alkali-salt stress. In addition, the salt tolerant and salt sensitive accessions showed different response tends towards leaf peroxidase, root ascorbate peroxidase and root catalase within 48 h, suggesting the accessions have different levels of response to salt stress. [Conclusion]Our study identified the most alkali-salt tolerant accessions and provided basic concept of complex alkali-salt tolerance mechanism within cotton accessions. And, our study provided a simple and rapid, highly accurate and precise method for evaluating salt resistance of cotton, and proved that the balance of ROS system play an important role in response to salt-alkali stress. Hence, mining of salt tolerant genes from these accessions may facilitate the development of novel salt tolerant variety.     

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for floral scent compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Floral scent is a very important trait in plant evolution. Currently, little is known about the inheritance of floral scent in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) or changes that might have occurred during its domestication. Therefore, we analysed scent volatiles and molecular markers in a population of 159 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of a domesticated blackeye cowpea cultivar, ‘524B’ and a wild accession ‘219‐01’. Using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) 23 volatile compounds were identified that fall into five general functional categories. Twenty‐two of the compounds displayed quantitative variation in the progeny, and a total of 63 QTLs influencing the amounts of these volatiles were mapped onto the cowpea genetic marker map. Although QTLs for volatile compounds putatively involved in cowpea flower scent were found on 9 of the 11 cowpea chromosomes, they were not evenly distributed with QTLs mainly clustered on LGs 1, LGs 2 and LG 4. Our results serve as a starting point for both more detailed analyses of complex scent biosynthetic pathways and the development of markers for marker‐assisted breeding of scented rose varieties.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

航天搭载玉米自交系SP3的变异研究

为了解航天诱变对3个玉米自交系SP3株系在主要性状上与地面同源对照种子的变异情况,研究其变异规律,为其后代的选育和研究提供理论依据。对诱变后代主要性状的变异幅度、变异系数和平均值与对照进行对比,并对性状平均值进行差异显著性测验。3个玉米自交系SP3株系的多数性状均产生明显变异,为选择不同类型的种质材料提供了基础。其中株系株型性状变异偏植株变矮,叶面积变小,利于选择矮杆叶疏的变异材料;果穗性状变异较小,选择意义不大;而生育期和雄穗性状的变异差异较大。航天诱变处理对不同材料不同性状的诱变效果差异较大,应根据具体的育种目标选择适合的诱变材料,从中选择有利的变异。     

常用玉米自交系抗旱性及抗旱性鉴定指标研究

采用人工水分胁迫处理,通过植物生理学方法,对10个常用玉米自交系进行了抗旱性研究。结果表明,不同玉米自交系存在明显差异,沈136、齐319、丹598和沈137耐旱性较好,可以作为玉米耐旱育种的基础材料。干旱胁迫下,玉米植株叶片相对含水量、丙二醛含量、电导率和ASI与玉米子粒产量极显著相关,能够比较准确地评价玉米自交系抗旱性的强弱,和抗旱系数、抗旱指数一样可以作为玉米育种耐旱自交系筛选的鉴定指标。     

玉米苗枯病的发生及药剂处理种子对该病控制作用的研究

自1998～2002年对鲁西北玉米主产区苗枯病进行了调查研究,田间调查表明玉米苗枯病的发生与土壤类型、苗期降雨量、品种抗性及种子带菌率等多种因素有关.病原鉴定结果得知玉米苗枯病是由串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)、禾谷镰刀菌(Egraminearum)、玉米丝核菌(Rhizoctonia zeae)等多种真菌引起.药剂拌种可明显减轻病害发生,用种子量0.15%的适乐时、卫福、多菌灵拌种防治效果分别为95.63%、92.82%、84.31%,尤其使用适乐和卫福处理玉米种子,田间出苗率高、苗健壮、叶色浓绿,值得推广使用.