北京地区火炬树的调查

对北京火炬树(RHUS TYPHINA)生长与应用情况进行了调查。结果表明,火炬树生长状况与其生境有很大关系;北京地区的火炬树目前还不能称之为入侵种;在北京的低山、丘陵、砂石河滩等生境条件严酷的地区,火炬树仍有一定的发展前途。     

1990—2015年内蒙古高原土壤风蚀时空差异特征

基于RWEQ模型定量反演了1990-2015年内蒙古高原不同季节土壤风蚀模数,分析不同季节土壤风蚀差异,揭示植被覆盖对土壤风蚀的响应阈值。结果表明:不同季节土壤风蚀量差异较大,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季土壤风蚀量比例为5.42∶1.00∶1.36∶3.00;土地利用/覆盖状况对土壤风蚀具有重要的影响,不同季节有明显差异,植被覆盖退化后土壤风蚀模数增大,反之降低了土壤风蚀模数,尤其春季中、低覆盖度草地相互转化对土壤风蚀的作用明显;植被覆盖达到75%时可有效抑制土壤风蚀,春季与冬季低覆盖度植被对抑制土壤风蚀作用敏感于高覆盖度植被,当植被覆盖度达20%~25%时可迅速降低土壤风蚀模数。     

Evidence of diadromy in the French Polynesian Kuhlia malo (Teleostei: Percoidei) inferred from otolith microchemistry analysis

Abstract – Strontium/Calcium (Sr/Ca) and Barium/Calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios were measured in 60 otoliths of the French Polynesian flagtail Kuhlia malo. Both elemental ratios were needed to correctly distinguish residence in marine, brackish and fresh water. High Sr/Ca and low Ba/Ca around the nucleus of all otoliths provided evidence of marine residency during the early life of all individuals. At about 0.5 mm from the core, Ba/Ca increased rapidly and remained high in all otoliths. High and unstable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to estuarine residency, whereas low and stable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to freshwater residency. These chemical signatures inferred that following recruitment to rivers, some fish remained in the estuary, while others moved upstream. Some individuals shared their time between fresh and brackish waters later in life. The findings of this study have important implications for the protection of nearshore, brackish and freshwater environments for the conservation of this French Polynesian diadromous species.     

高贵化回交育种技术在凉蔗2号遗传亲系中的应用探讨

凉蔗2号亲系广泛应用高贵化杂交育种方法,引入异质血缘多次回交,打破连锁遗传,重组有利基因,促进血缘多样化,实现超亲。进行凉蔗2号亲系遗传高贵化杂交技术研究,有利于为凉蔗2号用作广亲和力亲本,实施远缘杂交制种工作提供有益借鉴。     

运城地区农田鼠害的发生与防治

对运城地区农田鼠类种群结构、分布、危害情况进行了调查。结果表明,运城地区农田害鼠种群结构为达乌尔鼠、仓鼠、花鼠、子午沙鼠、黑线姬鼠、岩松鼠、中华鼢鼠,优势种为达乌尔鼠、仓鼠,主要发生在山地丘陵、坡地、旱地,且以小麦、油料作物、果树受害最重。并提出了相应的防治方法。     

Comparison of dietary essential amino acid requirements determined from group‐housed versus individually‐housed juvenile bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus

Two 60‐day experiments were conducted sequentially to determine (i) lysine requirement of juvenile bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus based on the dose–response method, (ii) requirements for other essential amino acids (EAAs) using whole‐body amino acid profile and (iii) whether differences in growth rates of group‐housed versus individually‐housed bluegills lead to different lysine requirement levels because of the presence and absence, respectively, of social hierarchies. Seven, semi‐purified, experimental diets (isonitrogenous, isocaloric) were prepared to contain graded levels of digestible lysine (10–31 g kg⁻¹). Experiment‐1 involved group‐housed bluegills (approximately 27 g, n = 10 fish/chamber, 4 chambers/diet) whereas experiment‐2 involved individually‐housed bluegills (approximately 30 g, n = 1 fish/chamber, 14 chambers/diet). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Bluegill growth responses in both experiments generally improved (P < 0.05, anova ) with increasing dietary lysine levels from 10 to 16 g kg⁻¹, and then levelled off with further increase in lysine level (P > 0.05). Optimal dietary lysine level (digestible basis) was estimated to be 15 g kg⁻¹ based on broken‐line regression analyses of relative growth rate and feed conversion ratio with no differences being observed between the two rearing methods. Determined dietary requirement levels for other EAAs ranged from 2.4 g kg⁻¹ (tryptophan) to 15.3 g kg⁻¹ (leucine).     

Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation

A field experiment was set up in 1988 to study the development of rhizomania disease of sugar beet at different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil. Five, tenfold different, inoculum levels were created by addition of the approximate amounts of 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 kg infested soil per ha (the latter corresponding to 0.01% v/v calculated to the tillage layer). A drip irrigation treatment was applied to study the influence of soil moisture on disease. Susceptible sugar beet, cv. Regina, was grown for three consecutive years.In the first year, root symptoms were not observed, but BNYVV-infected plants were detected by ELISA in low numbers at all inoculum levels at harvest. After late drilling in 1989, high numbers of infected plants, up to 90–100% in plots with the highest inoculum level, were detected already in June. Root symptoms were also observed from June onwards. In both these years disease incidence increased in time and was significantly influenced by the initial inoculum level. In the third year, the whole field was heavily diseased, and only for the non-irrigated plots incidence differed for different initial inoculum levels. The expression of symptoms by BNYVV-infected plants was influenced by initial inoculum level, thus by the amount and timing of primary infection.Root weight at harvest was not affected, but sugar content decreased with increasing inoculum level already in 1988, leading to a reduction in sugar yield of 10% at the highest inoculum level. In 1989, both root weight and sugar content decreased progressively with increasing inoculum level, resulting in sugar yield reductions of 11–66% (down to approximately 3000 kg ha^–1) for low to high inoculum levels compared to the control. As the control plots became contaminated, all yields were low in 1990, still showing a decrease with increasing inoculum level in the non-irrigated plots, but an overall mean sugar yield of 3323 kg ha^–1 for the irrigated ones.Sodium and -amino nitrogen content of the root, additional quality parameters determining extractability of sucrose, showed an increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing initial inoculum level already in the first year. The relative differences in contents compared to those from the control were largest for Na content. A significant negative correlation was found between Na (mmol kg^–1 root) and sugar content (% of fresh weight); linear for 1988, exponential for 1989 and 1990.In spring 1989, the infestation of individual plots was assessed using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units of BNYVV per 100 g dry soil. The relationship between the MPns determined and root weight, sugar content and sugar yield at harvest could be described by Gompertz curves. The increase in disease incidence with increasing MPN in 1989 was adequately fitted with a logistic equation.     

5个酿酒葡萄品种组织培养及再生体系的建立

为了建立酿酒葡萄离体培养及植株高效再生体系,以5个酿酒葡萄品种花药和茎尖为外植体,利用组织培养法,研究了外源激素、基因型对外植体培养及再生的影响。结果表明,茎尖愈伤组织诱导及分化均优于花药。茎尖愈伤组织诱导培养基为：B5+NAA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 1.0~2.0 mg/L;在此培养基上添加AgNO3 10 mg/L或PVP 1000 mg/L对花药愈伤组织诱导较好。茎尖愈伤组织分化培养基为：B5+NAA 0.01 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 0.2 mg/L,最高分化率达100%。本试验成功地建立了酿酒葡萄茎尖愈伤组织诱导、再分化芽苗再生体系,该结果可为酿酒葡萄良种快繁以及遗传转化体系建立奠定良好的基础。     

蚊净香草叶片离体培养研究

以蚊净香草(Pelargonium graveolens L'herit)不同叶龄的叶片为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明,只有成熟的叶片可诱导形成愈伤组织,培养基MS 6-BA 1.00mg/L NAA 0.20mg/L最适于愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽分化和丛生芽的增殖,培养基MS NAA 0.20 mg/L最适合根系诱导及幼苗生长.     

苋菜试管开花初探

以苋菜试管苗为材料,研究多种因子对苋菜试管开花的影响.结果表明:(1)基本培养基MS和1/2MS对苋菜试管开花的影响不大.(2)单独添加NAA,可促进苋菜试管开花;苋菜试管开花对IBA含量的变化较敏感;6-BA含量为1.0 mg.L-1时的开花率最高,培养50 -60 d时可达58.7％.(3)不同单色光处理时,绿光与...