中外蓝莓产业比较研究

近年来,世界蓝莓产业发展迅速,中国蓝莓产业虽然成长较快,但仍面临诸多问题。笔者在介绍蓝莓主产国生产及经营情况基础上,分析中国蓝莓产业的成长轨迹,借鉴各国的成功经验,根据实际情况,认为加大科技支撑、产品开发和政府支持力度、关注国际和国内需求是目前产业发展的核心内容。     

基于槽型凸轮传动的蓝莓采摘机设计与试验

为改善机械采摘蓝莓的果品质量,设计了基于槽型凸轮传动的蓝莓采摘机。样机关键零部件设计包括驱动元件计算与选择、传动系统减速比分配、凸轮运动曲线计算等,采用反转法推导凸轮廓形曲线,利用角分线法设计采摘系统末端执行装置。在ADAMS中建立采摘机模型,搭建仿真环境对采摘机进行动力学分析,研究凸轮设计参数、各杆件长度、驱动元件转速对采摘传动装置的影响。在种植园进行蓝莓采摘试验,得到槽型凸轮采摘机采摘效率4.6 kg/min、未成熟果实脱落率3.2%、成熟果实采净率83%、果实损坏率3.1%,对比分析得出:槽型凸轮采摘机的采果质量优于牵引式采摘机,采摘效率是人工采摘效率的13倍。     

云南蓝莓根癌病病原鉴定及其防控药剂的筛选

研究旨在确定云南省蓝莓主产区发生的蓝莓根癌病病原菌种类,并进行田间防治药剂筛选.采集云南省蓝莓主产区蓝莓根癌病样品,通过发病症状、菌落形态观察、致病性测定、Biolog分析、16S rDNA序列分析比较进行系统鉴定.在发病严重的蓝莓基地采用噻霉酮、申嗪霉素等8种药剂进行田间防治试验.从蓝莓根癌病样品中分离、纯化获得的菌...     

发酵蓝莓酒品质影响因素及其解决方法

以"北陆"蓝莓为原料,研究果胶酶、护色单宁、酿酒酵母、二氧化硫和原酒冷冻浓缩对蓝莓酒品质的影响,探讨蓝莓酒中甲醇含量高、色素不稳定、有硫臭味、干浸出物含量低、感官品质差的解决方法,以提高蓝莓酒品质.结果表明,蓝莓果浆采用20 mg/L Clarification果胶酶酶解效果好,蓝莓酒中的甲醇含量低;采用浓缩汁发酵蓝莓酒,未检出甲醇,但原酒的典型性减弱;发酵前期加入500 mg/L护色单宁Tanin VR Supra,或陈酿期加入500 mg/L护色单宁Tanin VR Color,可有效提高蓝莓酒色素的稳定性;发酵结束后原酒中加入30 mg/L二氧化硫,既没有硫臭味,又能防止酒体氧化;8％原酒冷冻浓缩为10％原酒可提高干浸出物含量,增强其典型性;使用拉弗德F33酵母发酵酿造蓝莓酒,酒香浓郁,果香鲜明,酒体协调,蓝莓酒品质较优.     

Cold hardiness of southern-adapted blueberry (Vaccinium × hybrid) genotypes and the potential for their use in northern-adapted blueberry breeding

Twelve southern-adapted blueberry genotypes, both southern highbush ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. introgressed with 2x V. darrowi Camp) and rabbiteye ( V. ashei Reade), were evaluated for bud development using a morphological scale and for mid-winter cold hardiness using a shoot freezing assay. The winter of 2006–2007 was particularly warm producing higher bud development scores for several of the genotypes and an apparent decrease of cold hardiness. Significant differences in LT₅₀ values (treatments causing 50% bud mortality) were observed among the genotypes in both years, with a significant clone × year interaction. The greatest range in LT₅₀ values occurred in 2007, when values ranged from −11.9°C for 'Millennia' to −25.5°C for 'Reveille', two southern highbush cultivars. Results suggest that germplasm selected in North Carolina might typically have sufficient cold hardiness to be used without concern as parental material in the development of blueberry germplasm with northern adaptation. Other more southern germplasm was generally less hardy and, if utilized as parental material, the resulting progeny would require greater scrutiny with regard to cold hardiness.     

气象条件对蓝莓品质影响研究

研究蓝莓不同生育期气象条件对其品质形成的影响,可提升蓝莓引种、扩种和种植管理的科学性。笔者利用2012年和2013年不同海拔、不同坡向14个试验点的蓝莓品质资料,采用相关分析法分析各气象要素对蓝莓品质的影响。结果表明,热量条件是影响蓝莓品质最重要的因素。叶芽萌动期—盛果期的热量条件直接影响果实糖分的积累,对蓝莓的口感影响较大;初果期—盛果期的温度、降雨量及日照时数对蓝莓果实品质的影响较大。开花期低温阴雨和成熟期的降雨过多,是影响贵州蓝莓品质的主要不利气象因素。     

越橘种质资源的CDDP遗传多样性及聚类分析

分析保守DNA序列多态性(CDDP)标记在蓝莓中的分布及其与生物性状之间的联系,为蓝莓种质的科学评价和合理开发提供理论指导及技术支持。通过筛选多态性丰富的CDDP引物,对32份蓝莓种质资源的基因组DNA进行扩增,根据统计结果分析品种的遗传多样性及聚类关系。共筛选出17条多态性高、产物清晰易辨的CDDP引物。32份样品共检测到207条带,其中多态性条带188条,比例为90.82%,特异条带17条,比例为8.21%。可以用2条引物组合完全区分32种蓝莓。在种群水平上,有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数分别为1.59、0.37和0.56。样本间的遗传相似系数范围在0.44~1.00之间,平均为0.73。在相似系数为0.69时,32个蓝莓种质分为3类,野生种笃斯越桔单独聚为一类,矮丛品种‘Blomidon’和半高丛品种‘Northblue’聚为一类,其他品种聚为一大类。CDDP标记在蓝莓中具有较高的多态性及特异性,与种质的需冷量、抗寒性及果实颜色具有一定的相关性。CDDP技术可有效用于蓝莓种质资源遗传多样性分析、品种鉴定及分子标记辅助育种。     

含茉莉酸甲酯的生物活性膜对蓝莓采后保鲜效果的研究

以蓝莓为试材,采用涂膜与生物防治结合的方法,以1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油为主要材料,无菌水为溶剂,分别加入109CFU/m L罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)和100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯进行涂膜处理,研究蓝莓在0~2℃下贮藏28 d的保鲜效果。结果表明,采用1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油+109CFU/m L C.laurentii+100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯复合涂膜液处理的蓝莓失重率和腐烂指数明显降低,糖、酸和花青素含量的变化减缓,果实可保持较高的硬度和弹性,丙二醛的产生受到抑制,而超氧化物歧化酶活性得到提高,使蓝莓果实能够保持良好的外观品质和较高含量的营养成分,保鲜效果最佳。     

蓝莓果实花色苷成分组成鉴定及分析

为研究不同品种蓝莓花色苷的组成特点,以40个品种蓝莓为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定蓝莓果实中花色苷种类的数量及其相对含量。试验中共检测到14种花色苷,平均含量为841.40μg/g,但不同品种蓝莓花色苷种类和含量差异较大,蔓蓝莓果实花色苷种类丰富,含量高,果实品质优良;矮丛蓝莓较为普通;高丛蓝莓花色苷种类少且花色苷含量低,果实品质较差。"M7-1"品种蓝莓花色苷含量最高,花色苷种类最丰富,表明可以通过育种和筛选技术获得花色苷含量高且种类丰富的优质蓝莓品系。     

An Evaluation of Blueberry Cultivars Grown in Plastic Tunnels in Douglas County,Oregon

Abstract

Growing fruits and vegetables in plastic tunnels is known to accelerate maturity and protect quality. There are several studies on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) that demonstrate the ability of row covers to advance or delay crop maturity depending on how they are manipulated. Accelerating or delaying harvest time can prove to be very lucrative for producers. However, before producers start putting plastic tunnels over their crops it is important to know how blueberry cultivars will behave when grown under plastic. Six cultivars of southern highbush blueberry and eight cultivars of northern highbush blueberry were grown in a high hoop plastic tunnel for two seasons. Blueberry plants were grown under plastic from February 1 until their harvest was completed each year. After harvest, the plastic covering over the hoops was removed to help the blueberry plants develop fruit buds and meet winter chill requirements. On February 1 the plastic covering was returned to the high hoop tunnel after chilling requirements were met. As expected, fruit maturity dates were 1-3 weeks earlier for all the highbush blueberries grown inside the tunnel versus the same cultivars grown outside. The difference in maturity dates between cultivars grown under plastic and outside did change from one year to the next because of variation in the weather. Despite potential for poor pollination of blueberries in plastic tunnels, yields were significantly enhanced for four cultivars when grown under plastic tunnels. ‘Toro’, ‘Nui’, ‘Legacy’, and ‘Misty’ showed yield gains ranging from 1 to 4 times when grown under a plastic tunnel. Seed numbers per fruit were not significantly impacted by growing plants inside our tunnel.